Title: Pāli Lessons / Lesson 3 / 1. Vocabulary

Q: calamity; misfortune; lit. it comes
A: īti (f.) [√i + ti]

Q: avoids
A: vivajjati

Q: disappears; vanishes; perishes; is destroyed
A: vinassati

Q: returns; steps back; goes away; lit. goes back
A: paṭikkamati

Q: being; living being; lit. become
A: bhūta (nt.) [√bhū + ta]

Q: May all misfortunes be avoided, may all illness be dispelled.
A: Sabbītiyo vivajjantu sabbarogo vinassatu.

Q: Go away, beings!
A: Paṭikkamantu bhūtāni!

Q: We are obstructed by birth and death.
A: Mayaṁ otiṇṇā amha jātijarāmaraṇena.

Q: There is no equal to the Tathāgata.
A: Na samo (equal to) atthi tathāgatena.

Q: Homage to him, the Blessed One.
A: Namo tassa bhagavato.

Q: May all beings be happy.
A: Sabbe sattā sukhī hontu.

Q: Come here, layman!
A: Ehi / Āgacchāhi upāsaka!

Q: The elder goes to the village with the disciple (/sāvaka/).
A: Thero sāvakena gāmaṁ gacchati.

Q: The elder gives the robe to the disciple.
A: Thero sāvakassa cīvaraṁ deti.

Q: plows; tills; turns the soil
A: kasati

Q: (1) sows; plants (2) shaves
A: vapati

Q: I plow and sow.
A: Ahaṁ kasāmi vapāmi ca.

Q: hatred; ill-will; animosity; hostility
A: vera (nt.)

Q: is calmed; is appeased
A: sammati (pr. pass.) [samma + ti]

Q: at some/any time
A: kudācanaṁ (ind.)

Q: this; he; it
A: esa (pron.)

Q: eternal; ancient
A: sanantana (adj.)

Q: Indeed not by hatred, that hatred is calmed, at any time.
A: Na hi verena verāni, sammant'īdha kudācanaṁ.

Q: But by non-hatred is calmed, this truth is eternal.
A: Averena ca sammanti, esa dhammo sanantano.

Q: May either he or she go.
A: So vā sā vā gacchatu.

Q: if not
A: no ce

Q: if more than that
A: tato ce uttari (idiom)

Q: (1) throws down; discards (2) puts down (3) keeps; stores
A: nikkhipati

Q: If he should keep it longer than that...
A: Tato ce uttariṁ nikkhipeyya...

Q: produces; comes up with
A: abhinipphādeti

Q: If he might not produce it...
A: No ce abhinipphādeyya...

Q: How indeed? Why on earth?
A: kiṁ nu kho (idiom)

Q: but when; but because
A: yato ca kho (idiom)

Q: and yet; however; still
A: api ca kho (idiom)

Q: with, together with
A: saddhiṁ, saha (ind.)

Q: (1) here; now; in this world; (2) in this case
A: idha (ind.)

Q: after death; lit. going on
A: pecca (ind.)

Q: again; once more
A: puna (ind.)

Q: repeatedly; again and again
A: punappunaṁ (ind.)

Q: after; beyond
A: paraṁ (ind.)

Q: and what is more; and so too
A: puna caparaṁ (idiom) [puna + ca + paraṁ]

Q: moreover; and so; but; or; however
A: pana (ind.)

Q: he who; whoever; whatever; whichever
A: yo (pron., masc.nom.sg. of ya)

Q: a monk who; but whichever monk
A: yo pana bhikkhu (idiom)

Q: only; just; merely
A: eva (ind.)

Q: just indeed; only just
A: h'eva (ind.) [hi + eva]

Q: now, if a monk...; further, ...
A: bhikkhu pan'eva (idiom) [pana + eva]

Q: like; as; according to; how
A: yathā (ind.)

Q: in whatever way
A: yathā yathā (idiom)

Q: assembly; meeting; group
A: parisā (f.)

Q: is suitable; worthy (for); enough (for)
A: alaṁ (ind.)

Q: An assembly such as this is worth traveling many leagues to see.
A: Yathārūpaṁ parisaṁ alaṁ yojanagaṇanānipi dassanāya gantuṁ.

Q: is happy; enjoys himself; rejoices
A: modati [√mud + *a + ti]

Q: happiness (for); appreciation
A: muditā (f.) [√mud + ita + ā]

Q: who has made merit; has gained spiritual wealth
A: katapuñña (adj.) [kata + puñña]

Q: in both cases; on both sides; lit. both matters
A: ubhayattha (ind.) [ubhaya + attha]

Q: Here he rejoices, after (death) he rejoice, the merit-doer rejoices on both sides.
A: Idha modati pecca modati, katapuñño ubhayattha modati.

Q: body; physical body
A: kāya (m.)

Q: sees; observes; watches
A: anupassati

Q: looking (at); observing; watching
A: anupassī (adj.)

Q: observing the body; who watches the body
A: kāyānupassī (adj.) [kāya + anupassī]

Q: Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu observes the body in the body...
A: Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ...

Q: house; dwelling
A: geha (nt.) [√gah + a]

Q: he will do; he will make
A: kāhati (fut.) [√kar + o + ti]

Q: you will make; you will build
A: kāhasi (fut.) [√kar + o + si]

Q: You not make a house again...
A: Puna gehaṁ na kāhasi...

Q: arranges, organises, plans
A: saṁvidahati [saṁ + vi + √dhā + a + ti]

Q: arranging, organising, planning
A: saṁvidhāya (ger. of saṁvidahati)

Q: Whatever monk who, arranging with a bhikkhuni...
A: Yo pana bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā saddhiṁ saṁvidhāya...

Q: in future
A: āyatiṁ (ind.)

Q: today
A: ajja (ind.)

Q: one day
A: ekadā (ind.)

Q: formerly, earlier
A: purā (ind.)

Q: for a long time
A: ciraṁ (ind.)

Q: recently, soon
A: aciraṁ (ind.)

Q: at the proper time
A: kālena (ind.)

Q: clean; pure; bright; perfect
A: parisuddha (adj.)

Q: conduct; behaviour; activity
A: samācāra (m.)

Q: bodily behaviour; physical conduct
A: kāyasamācāra (m.)

Q: Our bodily behaviour should be purified.
A: Parisuddho no kāyasamācāro bhavissati.

Q: well; good; right
A: suṭṭhu (ind.)

Q: Well indeed, Sir., I shall be restrained.
A: Sādhu suṭṭhu bhante saṃvarissāmi.

Q: holds up; raises up
A: paggaṇhāti

Q: having raised / held up
A: paggahetvā (ger. of paggaṇhāti)

Q: trunk of pride; raised trunk (of an elephant)
A: uccāsoṇḍā (f.) [uccā + soṇḍā]

Q: arrogantly; with an attitude; lit. having raised trunk high
A: uccāsoṇḍaṁ paggahetvā (idiom)

Q: is; being; becomes
A: bhavati

Q: leads; carries away; takes away
A: neti

Q: teaches; explains
A: deseti

Q: drinks; imbibes
A: pivati

Q: having known
A: ñatvā / jānitvā

Q: washes; cleans; rinses
A: dhovati

Q: cleans; clears; purifies; lit. makes pure
A: sodheti

Q: (1) sal tree (2) brother-in-law
A: sāla (m.)

Q: hall; shed
A: sālā (f.)

Q: After eating the food, I rinse my bowl, clean my teeth and go to the hall.
A: Ahaṁ odanaṁ bhuñjitvā, pattaṁ dhovitvā, dante sodhetvā, sālaṁ gacchāmi.

Q: grabs hold (of); seizes; takes
A: gaṇhāti

Q: having taken; having grabbed hold (of)
A: gahetvā (abs. of gaṇhāti)

Q: theft; stealing; lit. taking what is not given
A: adinnādāna (nt.)

Q: king; ruler
A: rāja (m.)

Q: The sort of stealing for which kings, having caught a thief...
A: Yathārupe adinnādāne rājāno coraṁ gahetvā...

Q: gives up; abandons
A: pajahati

Q: giving up; abandoning
A: pahāya (ger. of pajahati)

Q: obstacle; obstruction; hindrance; lit. blocking
A: nīvaraṇa (m.)

Q: having abandoned the five hindrances
A: pañca nīvaraṇe pahāya (idiom)

Q: exhausts, takes up in a excessive degree
A: pariyādāti

Q: (1) wearing away; exhausting (2) obsessing; overpowering; lit. completely seizing
A: pariyādāya

Q: mind; heart; mental act
A: citta (nt.)

Q: having taken over the mind, it remains
A: cittaṁ pariyādāya tiṭṭhati (idiom)

Q: Having heard that teaching we know thus...
A: Mayaṁ taṁ dhammaṁ sutvā evaṁ jānāma...

Q: greets
A: sammodati

Q: greeted
A: sammodi (aor. of sammodati)

Q: Having approached, he greeted the Blessed One.
A: Upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi.

Q: discomfort; suffering; unease; stress
A: dukkha (nt.)

Q: escape; exit; way out
A: nissaraṇa (nt.)

Q: personal; lit. see for oneself
A: sacchi (adj.)

Q: realizing; achieving; attaining; lit. doing personally
A: sacchikaraṇa (nt.)

Q: For the personal achieving of the escape (and) extinguishing of all suffering
A: Sabbadukkha nissaraṇa nibbāna sacchikaranatthāya ...

Q: ochre robe
A: kāsāva (nt.)

Q: compassion; pity
A: anukampā (f.)

Q: takes; grasps (onto); lit. takes near
A: upādiyati

Q: taking; grasping (onto); lit. taking near
A: upādāya (ger. of upādiyati)

Q: out of compassion; lit. taking pity
A: anukampaṁ upādāya (idiom)

Q: (1) banishes; drives away (2) makes ordain; ordains; lit. causes to leave
A: pabbājeti

Q: Having given this robe, may you let me go forth Sir, out of compassion.
A: ... etaṁ kāsāvaṁ datvā, pabbājetha maṁ bhante, anukampaṁ upādāya.

Q: seclusion; discrimination
A: viveka (m.)

Q: does not get to; does not obtain
A: nādhigacchati

Q: wanting; lit. over thinking
A: abhijjhā (f.)

Q: ill will; lit. going wrong
A: byāpāda (m.)

Q: dullness; sloth
A: thinamiddha (nt.)

Q: restlessness; agitation
A: uddhaccakukkucca (nt.)

Q: doubt; uncertainty
A: vicikicchā (f.)

Q: discontent; dislike
A: aratī (f.)

Q: laziness; tiredness
A: tandī (f.)

Q: delight; joy; rapture; feeling of love
A: pīti (f.)

Q: ease; comfort; happiness; bliss
A: sukha (nt)

Q: he doesn't achieve rapture and bliss
A: pītisukhaṁ nādhigacchati

Q: preference; approval
A: ruci (f.)

Q: stays; dwells
A: vasati

Q: He speaks with our given consent and approval.
A: Chandañca ruciñca ādāya voharati.

Q: He, having gone there, comes here.
A: So tatra gantvā idha āgacchati.

Q: After sitting down there, he stands up from there.
A: So tatra nisīditvā tato uṭṭhāti / uṭṭhahati.

Q: After staying here today, tomorrow we go there.
A: Mayaṁ ajja idha vasitvā suve tahiṁ gacchāma.

Q: Having come here, having cooked, they go.
A: Te idha āgantvā pacitvā gacchanti.

Q: Having eaten, having drunk, you lie down.
A: Tvaṁ buñjitvā pivitvā sayasi.

Q: (1) thinks (about) (2) meditates; contemplates (3) broods (4) burns
A: jhāyati

Q: soot; ash
A: masi (m.)

Q: steals; robs
A: coreti

Q: punishment; fine
A: daṇḍa (m.)

Q: imposes (on); inflicts (on)
A: paṇeti

Q: inflicts punishment; imposes a fine
A: daṇḍaṁ paṇeti (idiom)

Q: If, after stealing, he might come here, I may punish (him).
A: Sace so coretvā idha āgacceyya, daṇḍaṁ paṇeyyāmi.

Q: cries; weeps; wails
A: rodati

Q: Sitting here, don't cry, go there, having gone and eaten, lie down.
A: Idha nisīditvā mā rodāhi, tatra gacchāhi, gantvā bhutvā sayāhi.

Q: After burning the tree with fire, they may make ash.
A: Rukkhaṁ agginā jhāpetvā masiṁ kareyya.

Q: with/by mind; with thought
A: cetasā (m.)

Q: over; on; around (prefix)
A: anu-

Q: ponders; reflects; thinks about
A: anuvitakketi

Q: sees; takes a look (at)
A: pekkhati

Q: mentally examines
A: manasānupekkhati

Q: day
A: diva (m.) / divasa (nt.)

Q: (of time) passes; spends; wastes
A: atināmeti

Q: neglects; omits
A: riñcati

Q: privacy; solitude; lit. sticking to oneself
A: paṭisallāna (nt.)

Q: practices; engages in; lit. yokes near
A: anuyuñjati

Q: this; this person; this thing
A: ayaṁ (pron.)

Q: speaks
A: vacati

Q: is said to be; is called
A: vuccati (pass. of vacati)

Q: laughs; jokes
A: sañjagghati

Q: plays (with); has fun (with)
A: kīḷati

Q: playing together
A: saṅkīḷati [saṁ + √kīḷ]

Q: has fun; amuses oneself (with)
A: saṅkelāyati (from kīḷati)

Q: meditates (on); contemplates; reflects (on)
A: upanijjhāyati

Q: relishes; takes pleasure (in)
A: assādeti

Q: desires; longs (for)
A: nikāmeti

Q: joy; happiness; pleasure; lit. gain
A: vitti (f.)

Q: gets pleasure/pain; produces; engages in
A: āpajjati

Q: finds satisfaction (in)
A: vittiṁ āpajjati (idiom)

Q: (1) piece; part (2) broken; defective (3) chip; break; failure
A: khaṇḍa (m.)

Q: hole; crack
A: chidda (nt.)

Q: blotched; stained
A: sabala (adj.)

Q: spotted; blemished
A: kammāsa (adj.)

Q: on the holy life a defect, crack, stain, blemish
A: brahmacariyassa khaṇḍampi chiddampi sabalampi kammāsampi

Q: to stay (infinitive)
A: vasituṁ

Q: to see (infinitive)
A: passituṁ

Q: asks; enquires; questions
A: pucchati

Q: to ask; to question (infinitive)
A: pucchituṁ

Q: He wishes to stay here.
A: So idha vasituṁ icchati.

Q: forest; wood; wilds; wilderness
A: arañña (nt.)

Q: I will go to the forest to see the Buddha.
A: Ahaṁ buddhaṁ passituṁ araññaṁ gacchissāmi.

Q: lies down; rests; sleeps
A: sayati

Q: to lie down; to sleep
A: sayituṁ

Q: Having eaten, I don't want to lie down.
A: Ahaṁ bhuñjitvā sayituṁ na icchāmi.

Q: here; in this place
A: atra (ind.)

Q: there; in that place
A: tahiṁ (ind.)

Q: having eaten
A: bhutvā (abs. of bhuñjati)

Q: Now, we eat here and go there to sow.
A: Mayaṁ idāni atra bhutvā vapituṁ tahiṁ gacchāma.

Q: Yes, I know you like to walk.
A: Āma, ahaṁ jānāmi, tvaṁ carituṁ icchasi.

Q: buys; purchases
A: kiṇāti

Q: to buy
A: ketuṁ / kiṇituṁ

Q: We don't go there to buy.
A: Mayaṁ ketuṁ tahiṁ na gacchāma.

Q: We don't like to kill.
A: Mayaṁ hantuṁ na icchāma.

Q: The lion walks in the village.
A: Sīho gāme / gāmamhi / gāmasmiṁ carati.

Q: The wise men are delighted in the Buddha.
A: Viññuno Buddhe pasannā.

Q: externally; outside
A: bahi (ind.)

Q: rains
A: vassati

Q: Now rain falls, (so) don't go out.
A: Idāni devo vassati, mā bahi gacchittha.

Q: many; much; a lot (of); great; large
A: bahu (adj.) [√bah + u]

Q: many people; many things; a lot
A: bahū (m.pl. of bahu)

Q: gathers together; assembles; lit. falls together
A: sannipatati

Q: Today many men assemble in the village.
A: Ajja bahū manussā gāme sannipatanti.

Q: monkey; ape
A: makkaṭa (m.)

Q: moves about; wanders about
A: vicarati

Q: Monkeys move about on trees.
A: Makkaṭā rukkhesu vicaranti.

Q: They, having seen the disadvantage in sensual pleasures, ...
A: Te kāmesu ādīnavaṁ disvā, ...

Q: They go forth in the bhikkhu-saṅgha.
A: Te bhikkhu-saṅghe pabbajanti.

Q: (1) danger; problem (2) disadvantage; drawback
A: ādīnava (m.)

Q: goes forth (ordains as monk); lit. goes into exile
A: pabbajati

Q: (1) puts together; composes; fabricates (2) restores
A: saṅkharoti

Q: created, conditioned, fabricated; lit. put together
A: saṅkhata (pp. of saṅkharoti) [saṁ + √kar + ta]

Q: passes over to, shifts, transmigrates
A: saṅkamati

Q: moved over, shifted, transferred
A: saṅkanta (pp. of saṅkamati) [saṁ + √kam + ta]

Q: far side; far shore
A: pāra (nt.)

Q: from far, from the further shore
A: pārato / parato (abl.) [para + to]

Q: as another; as alien
A: parato (ind.)

Q: near side; near shore
A: ora (nt.) / apāra (nt.)

Q: from near, from the near shore
A: orato / apārato

Q: lamp; light; lighting
A: padīpa (m.)

Q: (1) sound; voice; utterance (2) rumour; report (3) cry; shout
A: ghosa (m.)

Q: hearing from another person; word of another
A: parato ca ghoso (idiom)

Q: properly; prudently; thoroughly; lit. to the source
A: yoniso (ind.) [yoni + so]

Q: attention; bringing-to-mind; observation; lit. making in mind
A: manasikāra (m.) [manasi + kāra]

Q: paying proper attention; wise reflection; lit. attention to the source
A: yoniso manasikāra (idiom)

Q: appears; arises; takes place
A: uppajjati

Q: arising; appearing
A: uppāda (m., from uppajjati)

Q: (1) completely; fully (2) perfecly; rightly; correctly
A: sammā (ind.)

Q: view; belief; opinion
A: diṭṭhi (f.)

Q: right view; correct outlook
A: sammādiṭṭhi (f.)

Q: (1) support; requisite; necessity (2) cause; reason; condition (for)
A: paccaya (m.)

Q: two conditions for the arising of right view
A: dve paccayā sammādiṭṭhiyā uppādāya

Q: completely cooled; lit. blows away
A: nibbāti

Q: (of fire) grows cold; lit. causes to blow away
A: nibbāpeti (caus. of nibbāti)

Q: Cool down / blow away the great passion!
A: Nibbāpehi mahārāgaṁ!

Q: water (stream)
A: vāri (nt.)

Q: carrying; leading
A: vāha (adj.)

Q: carrying water (e.g. stream)
A: vārivaha (adj.)

Q: full (of); filled (with)
A: pūra (adj.)

Q: Like rivers full of water...
A: Yathā vārivahā pūrā...

Q: All the boys are crying.
A: Sabbepime dārakā rodanti.

Q: rice gruel; congee
A: yāgu (f.)

Q: Give congee, give rice, give food!
A: Yāguṁ detha, bhattaṁ detha, khādanīyaṁ dethā!

Q: (1) death (2) schism; split; lit. breakup
A: bheda (m.)

Q: He, from the breakup of the body, from after death...
A: So, kāyassa bhedā, paraṁ maraṇā ...

Q: enjoys; finds pleasure (in)
A: ramati

Q: enjoys; delights (in); takes pleasure (in)
A: abhiramati

Q: really enjoying; very fond (of)
A: abhirata (adj. pp. of abhiramati)

Q: first (1st); prime
A: paṭhama (ord.)

Q: meditative calm; lit. meditating
A: jhāna (nt.)

Q: (Due to the) first jhāna there is delight in solitude.
A: Paṭhamena jhānena suññāgāre abhirati.

Q: The elder goes to the village by air.
A: Thero ākāsena gāmaṁ gacchati.

Q: A bhikkhu gives a bowl to a bhikkhu.
A: bhikkhu bhikkhussa pattaṁ deti

Q: A bhikkhu walks to a village with a bhikkhunī.
A: bhikkhu bhikkhuniyā gāmaṁ carati

Q: protects; guards
A: rakkhati

Q: fully engaged; diligently practising
A: suppayutta (adj.) [su + payutta]

Q: harnesses; employs; applies
A: payuñjati

Q: intent; engaged
A: payutta (pp. of payuñjati)

Q: focused on; lit. with such a mind
A: manasa (adj.)

Q: strong; firm; steady
A: daḷha (adj.)

Q: striving (in); active (in); lit. going out
A: nikkāmī (adj.) [nī + √kam + *ī]

Q: is destroyed; is exhausted
A: khīyati

Q: consumed; destroyed
A: khīṇa (pp. of khīyati)

Q: wearing away; destruction
A: khaya (m. from khīyati)

Q: previous; old; ancient
A: purāṇa (adj.)

Q: new; fresh
A: nava (adj.)

Q: finds pleasure (in); is enamoured (with)
A: rajjati

Q: becomes detached (from); loses interest (in)
A: virajjati

Q: detached (from); without desire (for); lost interest (in)
A: viratta (pp. of virajjati)

Q: growth; increase
A: virūḷhi (f.)

Q: (1) ethical/moral conduct; virtue (2) behaviour; habit
A: sīla (nt.)

Q: (1) giving; offering; generosity (2) alms; gift
A: dāna (nt.)

Q: (1) faith; belief (2) confidence (3) romantic devotion; lit. putting heart
A: saddhā (f.)

Q: May they give gifts with conviction, may they always maintain virtue.
A: Dānaṃ dadantu saddhāya, sīlaṃ rakkhantu sabbadā.

Q: May they delight in meditation, may they go to the devas.
A: Bhāvanābhiratā hontu, gacchantu devatā-gatā.

Q: highest; supreme
A: agga (adj.)

Q: comprehends; understands
A: vijānāti

Q: for those knowing; for those who understand
A: vijānataṁ (prp. of vijānāti)

Q: gift; donation
A: dakkhiṇā (f.)

Q: worthy of offerings
A: dakkhiṇeyya (adj.)

Q: highest; unsurpassed; incomparable; lit. nothing higher
A: anuttara (adj.)

Q: fading of desire (for); dispassion (towards)
A: virāga (m.)

Q: becomes calm; ceases; is allayed
A: upasamati

Q: merit; good deed
A: puñña (nt.)

Q: field; plot of land
A: khetta (nt.)

Q: field of merit
A: puññakkhetta (nt.)

Q: alteration (to); improvement (to)
A: vikappa (m.)

Q: (1) experiences (2) produces (3) engages in (4) commits (an offense) (5) causes; effects
A: āpajjati

Q: causes an alteration; suggests an improvement
A: vikappaṁ āpajjati (idiom)

Q: convinces; persuades; lit. causes to know
A: saññāpeti

Q: some or other; even some; just some
A: kocideva

Q: moved over; shifted; transferred
A: saṅkanta (pp. of saṅkamati)

Q: best part; cream
A: maṇḍa (m.)

Q: of the best quality; lit. to be drunk like cream
A: maṇḍapeyya (adj.)

Q: face to face with
A: sammukha (adj.)

Q: reaches; arrives (at)
A: pāpuṇāti

Q: have reached; have arrived (at)
A: patta (pp. of pāpuṇāti)

Q: gets to; attains; obtains; lit. arrives at
A: adhigacchati

Q: discovered; found; attained; lit. arrived
A: adhigata (pp. of adhigacchati)

Q: discovery; finding; attainment; lit. arrival
A: adhigama (m.)

Q: knows for oneself; personally realizes
A: sacchikaroti

Q: our; of us; my (royal plural)
A: amhākaṁ (pron.)

Q: barren; fruitless; sterile; unproductive
A: vañjha (adj.)

Q: resulting in; producing; lit. coming up
A: udraya (adj.)

Q: in us; among us
A: amhesu (pron.) (1st.loc.pl of ahaṁ)

Q: (1) fruit; berry (2) consequence; result
A: phala (nt.)

Q: benefit (in); good result (of)
A: ānisaṁsa (m.)

Q: touches; contacts; feels
A: phusati

Q: touched (by); contacted (by)
A: phuṭṭha (pp. of phusati)

Q: considers as; takes as; regards as; lit. puts
A: dahati

Q: contact; sense impingement; touch
A: phassa (m.)

Q: attachment; taking as mine; sense of ownership
A: upadhi (m.)

Q: comes back (to); falls back (on); lit. goes back
A: pacceti

Q: dependent; depending (on)
A: paṭicca (ger. of pacceti)