2025-04-03
SN 36.21 Sīvakasutta
(SC)
santi, bho gotama, eke samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino:
yaṁ kiñcāyaṁ purisapuggalo paṭisaṁvedeti sukhaṁ vā dukkhaṁ vā adukkhamasukhaṁ vā
sabbaṁ taṁ pubbekatahetū ti. Idha bhavaṁ gotamo kimāhā ti?
Pittasamuṭṭhānānipi kho, sīvaka, idhekaccāni vedayitāni uppajjanti.
Sāmampi kho etaṁ, sīvaka, veditabbaṁ ... Lokassapi kho etaṁ, sīvaka, saccasammataṁ
yathā pittasamuṭṭhānānipi idhekaccāni vedayitāni uppajjanti.
Tatra, sīvaka, ye te samaṇabrāhmaṇā evaṁvādino evaṁdiṭṭhino ...
Yañca sāmaṁ ñātaṁ tañca atidhāvanti, yañca loke saccasammataṁ tañca atidhāvanti.
Tasmā tesaṁ samaṇabrāhmaṇānaṁ micchāti vadāmi.
Semhasamuṭṭhānānipi ... vātasamuṭṭhānānipi ... sannipātikānipi ... utupariṇāmajānipi ...
visamaparihārajānipi ... opakkamikānipi ... kammavipākajānipi idhekaccāni vedayitāni uppajjanti.
| santi | Verb, 3rd person plural, present, "They are" or "there are" -- from the root as (to be) |
| bho | Vocative particle, A polite address, often translated "Sir" |
| eke | Adjective, nominative plural, "Some" or "certain" -- refers to an unspecified group. |
| samaṇabrāhmaṇā | Compound noun, nominative plural, "Ascetics and Brahmins" |
| evaṁvādino | Compound adjective, nominative plural, "Thus-speaking" -- evaṁ (thus) + vādino (speakers) |
| evaṁdiṭṭhino | Compound adjective, nominative plural, "Thus-seeing" -- evaṁ (thus) + diṭṭhino (view-holders) |
| purisapuggalo | Compound noun, nominative singular, "Person" or "individual" -- purisa (man) + puggalo (individual) |
| paṭisaṁvedeti | Verb, 3rd person singular, present, "Experiences" -- paṭi (towards) + saṁ (together) + vedeti (feels) |
| pubbekatahetu | Compound noun, nominative singular, "Due to past actions" -- pubbe (past) + kata (done) + hetu (cause) |
| bhavaṁ | Noun, nominative singular, "The venerable sir" -- respectful address, short for bhavant (honorific) |
| kimāhā | Verb phrase (interrogative) "What does he say?" -- kiṁ (what) + āhā (says, 3rd person singular) |
| pittasamuṭṭhānānipi | Compound noun, genitive plural, "Arising from bile" -- pitta (bile) + samuṭṭhānāni (arising) + pi |
| idhekaccāni | Compound adjective, nominative plural, "Some here" -- idha (here) + ekaccāni (some, neuter plural). |
| vedayitāni | Noun, nominative plural, "Feelings" or "experiences" -- from vedeti (to feel), neuter plural. |
| uppajjanti | Verb, 3rd person plural, present, "Arise" -- from uppajjati |
| sāmampi | Adverb, "By oneself" + "even" -- sāmaṁ (oneself) + pi (even), emphasizing personal knowledge. |
| veditabbaṁ | Gerundive, nominative singular, "To be known" or "should be understood" -- from vedeti (to know/feel). |
| lokassapi | Noun, genitive singular, "Of the world" -- lokassa (world, genitive) + pi (even). |
| saccasammataṁ | Compound adjective, accusative singular, "Agreed upon as true" -- sacca (truth) + sammata (acknowledged). |
| yañca | Relative pronoun, accusative singular, "And that which" -- yaṁ (which) + ca (and) |
| sāmaṁ | Adverb, "By oneself" -- emphasizing personal experience or knowledge. |
| ñātaṁ | Past participle, accusative singular, "Known" -- from jānāti (to know) |
| tañca | Demonstrative pronoun, accusative singular, "And that" -- taṁ (that) + ca (and) |
| atidhāvanti | Verb, 3rd person plural, present, "They overstep" -- from ati (beyond) + dhāvati (to run) |
| loke | Noun, locative singular, "In the world" -- loka (world), indicating general consensus |
| tesaṁ | Demonstrative pronoun, genitive plural, "Of those" -- refers to the ascetics and Brahmins |
| micchā | Adverb, "Falsely" or "wrongly" -- from miccha (wrong), describing their view. |
| vadāmi | Verb, 1st person singular, present, "I say" -- from vadati (to speak), the Buddha's assertion. |
| semhasamuṭṭhānānipi | Compound noun, genitive plural, "Arising from phlegm" -- semha (phlegm) + samuṭṭhānāni (arising) + pi |
| vātasamuṭṭhānānipi | Compound noun, genitive plural, "Arising from wind" -- vāta (wind) + samuṭṭhānāni (arising) + pi |
| sannipātikānipi | Compound adjective, genitive plural, "Arising from a conjunction"-- sannipāta (combination) + ika + pi |
| utupariṇāmajānipi | Compound adjective, genitive plural, "Born of seasonal change" -- utu (season) + pariṇāma (change) + ja + pi |
| visamaparihārajānipi | Compound adjective, genitive plural, "Born of improper care" -- visama (uneven) + parihāra (care) + ja + pi |
| opakkamikānipi | Adjective, genitive plural, "Due to sudden attacks" -- opakkamika (from upakkama, sudden effort) + pi |
| kammavipākajānipi | Compound adjective, genitive plural, "Born of karmic results" -- kamma (action) + vipāka (result) + ja + pi |
Structure: The passage uses repetitive phrasing to emphasize multiple causes of feelings (vedayitāni), contrasting with the view that all experiences stem solely from past karma (as the sole cause).
Medical Context: Terms like pitta (bile), semha (phlegm), and vāta (wind) reflect an ancient Indian humors theory akin to Ayurveda, showing a naturalistic explanation for some feelings.
Philosophical Point: The Buddha critiques the deterministic view of certain ascetics and Brahmins who overstep (atidhāvanti) both personal experience and common knowledge.
Related
AN 3.76 Kammaṁ khettaṁ, viññāṇaṁ bījaṁ, taṇhā sneho
(SC)
"Iti kho, ānanda, kammaṁ khettaṁ, viññāṇaṁ bījaṁ, taṇhā sneho. Avijjānīvaraṇānaṁ sattānaṁ taṇhāsaṁyojanānaṁ hīnāya dhātuyā viññāṇaṁ patiṭṭhitaṁ evaṁ āyatiṁ punabbhavābhinibbatti hoti.
paṭisaṅkhā, paṭisañcikkhati
paṭisaṅkhā [pati + saṁ + √khā + ya]
ger. (+adv) reflecting; carefully considering; with due consideration
ger of paṭisaṅkhāti, intrans (+adv)
Root √khā･1 a (tell, announce)
paṭisañcikkhati [pati + saṁ + √cikkh + a + ti]
reflects; considers; discerns
Root √cikkh･1 a (show, tell)
SN 35.146 Kammanirodhasutta
(SC, Aj Thanissaro)
"Now what, monks, is old kamma? The eye is to be seen as old kamma, fabricated & willed, capable of being felt.
Katamañca, bhikkhave, purāṇakammaṁ? Cakkhu, bhikkhave, purāṇakammaṁ abhisaṅkhataṁ abhisañcetayitaṁ vedaniyaṁ daṭṭhabbaṁ ...pe...
"And what is new kamma? Whatever kamma one does now with the body, with speech, or with the intellect: This is called new kamma.
Katamañca, bhikkhave, navakammaṁ? Yaṁ kho, bhikkhave, etarahi kammaṁ karoti kāyena vācāya manasā, idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, navakammaṁ.
MN 101 Devadahasutta
(SC, Aj Thanissaro)
opakkamikā dukkhā
"Friend Nigaṇṭhas, what do you think? When there is fierce striving, fierce exertion, do you feel fierce, sharp, racking pains from harsh treatment?"
'taṁ kiṁ maññatha, āvuso nigaṇṭhā. Yasmiṁ vo samaye tibbo upakkamo hoti tibbaṁ padhānaṁ, tibbā tasmiṁ samaye opakkamikā dukkhā tibbā kaṭukā vedanā vediyetha;
AN 5.78 Dutiyaanāgatabhayasutta
(SC)
Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu iti paṭisañcikkhati:
'ahaṁ kho etarahi daharo yuvā susukāḷakeso bhadrena yobbanena samannāgato
paṭhamena vayasā. Hoti kho pana so samayo yaṁ imaṁ kāyaṁ jarā phusati.
Jiṇṇena kho pana jarāya abhibhūtena na sukaraṁ buddhānaṁ sāsanaṁ manasi kātuṁ,
na sukarāni araññavanapatthāni pantāni senāsanāni paṭisevituṁ.
Purā maṁ so dhammo āgacchati aniṭṭho akanto amanāpo;
handāhaṁ paṭikacceva vīriyaṁ ārabhāmi
appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya,
yenāhaṁ dhammena samannāgato jiṇṇakopi phāsuṁ viharissāmī'ti.
Idaṁ, bhikkhave, paṭhamaṁ anāgatabhayaṁ sampassamānena
alameva bhikkhunā appamattena ātāpinā pahitattena viharituṁ
appattassa pattiyā anadhigatassa adhigamāya asacchikatassa sacchikiriyāya.
| Idha | Indeclinable (adv.) -- "Here" |
| bhikkhave | Vocative plural of bhikkhu -- "O monks" |
| bhikkhu | Nominative singular -- "a monk" |
| iti | Indeclinable (quotation marker) -- "thus" |
| paṭisañcikkhati | 3rd person singular, present tense -- "reflects, considers" |
| ahaṁ | Pronoun, nominative singular -- "I" |
| kho | Indeclinable (emphasizer) -- "indeed, truly" |
| etarahi | Indeclinable (adv.) -- "now, at present" |
| daharo | Nominative singular adjective -- "young" |
| yuvā | Nominative singular adjective -- "youthful" |
| susukāḷakeso | Nominative singular -- "having jet-black hair" (su = good, sukāḷa = black, kesa = hair) |
| bhadrena | Instrumental singular of bhadra -- "with good (nobility, grace)" |
| yobbanena | Instrumental singular of yobbana -- "with youth" |
| samannāgato | Nominative singular, past participle -- "endowed with, possessing" |
| paṭhamena | Instrumental singular of paṭhama -- "with the first (stage of life)" |
| vayasā | Instrumental singular of vaya -- "with age, youthfulness" |
| samayo | Nominative singular -- "time, occasion" |
| jarā | Nominative singular -- "old age" |
| phusati | 3rd person singular, present tense -- "touches, affects" |
| Jiṇṇena | Instrumental singular of jiṇṇa -- "by old age, agedness" |
| jarāya | Instrumental singular of jarā -- "by old age" |
| abhibhūtena | Instrumental singular, past participle of abhibhūti -- "overcome by" |
| sukaraṁ | Accusative singular of sukara -- "easy" |
| buddhānaṁ | Genitive plural of Buddha -- "of the Buddhas" |
| sāsanaṁ | Accusative singular -- "teaching, instruction" |
| manasi | Locative singular of manas -- "in mind, mentally" |
| kātuṁ | Infinitive of karoti -- "to do, to focus on" |
| sukarāni | Accusative plural of sukara -- "easy" |
| araññavanapatthāni | Accusative plural -- "forest wilderness dwellings" (arañña = forest, vanapattha = wild places) |
| pantāni | Accusative plural -- "secluded" |
| senāsanāni | Accusative plural -- "dwellings, abodes" |
| paṭisevituṁ | Infinitive -- "to resort to, to practice" |
| Purā | Indeclinable -- "before" |
| āgacchati | 3rd person singular, present tense -- "comes" |
| aniṭṭho | Nominative singular adjective -- "unwanted" |
| akanto | Nominative singular adjective -- "displeasing" |
| amanāpo | Nominative singular adjective -- "unpleasant" |
| handāhaṁ | Indeclinable + pronoun -- "Well then, I" (handa = well then, ahaṁ = I) |
| paṭikacceva | Indeclinable -- "immediately, from the start" |
| vīriyaṁ | Accusative singular -- "energy, effort" |
| ārabhāmi | 1st person singular, present tense -- "I start, I exert" |
| appattassa | Genitive singular -- "of the unachieved" (appatta = not attained) |
| pattiyā | Dative singular -- "for attainment" |
| anadhigatassa | Genitive singular -- "of the unacquired" |
| adhigamāya | Dative singular -- "for acquisition" |
| asacchikatassa | Genitive singular -- "of the unrealized" |
| sacchikiriyāya | Dative singular -- "for realization" |
| yenāhaṁ | Relative pronoun + pronoun -- "by which I" |
| samannāgato | Nominative singular -- "endowed with, possessing" |
| jiṇṇakopi | Nominative singular -- "even if aged" (jiṇṇaka = aged, pi = even) |
| phāsuṁ | Adverb -- "comfortably" |
| viharissāmi | 1st person singular, future tense -- "I shall dwell" |
| anāgatabhayaṁ | Nominative singular -- "fear of the future" (anāgata = future, bhaya = fear) |
| sampassamānena | Instrumental singular, present participle -- "seeing, considering" |
| alameva | Indeclinable -- "it is suitable, proper" |
| bhikkhunā | Instrumental singular -- "by a monk" |
| appamattena | Instrumental singular -- "by one who is heedful" |
| ātāpinā | Instrumental singular -- "by one who is ardent" |
| pahitattena | Instrumental singular -- "by one who is resolute" |
| viharituṁ | Infinitive -- "to dwell" |