2025-06-18
AN 3.40: Ādhipateyya-sutta
(SC)
Tīṇimāni, bhikkhave, ādhipateyyāni. Katamāni tīṇi?
Attādhipateyyaṁ, lokādhipateyyaṁ, dhammādhipateyyaṁ.
| Tīṇi | Three | Nominative plural, neuter, numeral |
| imāni | These | Nominative plural, neuter, demonstrative pronoun |
| ādhipateyyāni | Authorities | Nominative plural, neuter noun (ādhipateyya = rulership/influence) |
| Katamāni | Which (things)? | Interrogative pronoun, nominative plural, neuter |
| attādhipateyyaṁ | Self-authority | Compound noun: atta (self) + ādhipateyya, acc. sg., neuter |
| lokādhipateyyaṁ | World-authority | Compound: loka + ādhipateyya, acc. sg., neuter |
| dhammādhipateyyaṁ | Dhamma-authority | Compound: dhamma + ādhipateyya, acc. sg., neuter |
Katamañca, bhikkhave, attādhipateyyaṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu
araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā iti paṭisañcikkhati:
'na kho panāhaṁ cīvarahetu agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito.
Na piṇḍapātahetu, na senāsanahetu, na itibhavābhavahetu
agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito. Api ca khomhi otiṇṇo
jātiyā jarāya maraṇena sokehi paridevehi dukkhehi
domanassehi upāyāsehi, dukkhotiṇṇo dukkhapareto.
| araññagato | Gone to the forest | Past participle of gacchati, nom. sg. (arañña + gata) |
| rukkhamūlagato | Gone to the root of tree | Compound: rukkhassa mūla + gata, past participle, nom. sg. |
| suññāgāragato | Gone to an empty hut | Compound: suñña + agāra + gata, past participle, nom. sg. |
| paṭisañcikkhati | Reflects, considers | 3rd person singular, present tense; from paṭi + saṁ + √cikkh |
| na kho pana | Surely not | Triple emphatic/negative particles (indeclinables) |
| cīvarahetu | For the sake of robes | Compound: cīvara (robe) + hetu (cause/reason), instrumental |
| agārasmā | From the household life | Ablative singular of agāra |
| anagāriyaṁ | Homeless life | Accusative singular, neuter noun from an+agāra |
| pabbajito | Gone forth (ordained) | Past participle, nominative singular, masculine |
| piṇḍapātahetu | For the sake of almsfood | Compound: piṇḍapāta (almsfood) + hetu (reason), instrumental |
| senāsanahetu | For the sake of lodging | Compound: senāsana (lodging) + hetu, instrumental |
| itibhavābhavahetu | For sake of becoming such or such | Compound: iti-bhava-abhava + hetu, instrumental |
| Api ca | Moreover, and | Indeclinable connectors |
| amhi | I am | 1st person singular, present of atthi |
| otiṇṇo | Afflicted, overcome | Past participle from ava + √tar, nominative singular |
| jātiyā | With birth | Instrumental singular, feminine noun jāti |
| jarāya | With aging | Instrumental singular, feminine noun jarā |
| maraṇena | With death | Instrumental singular, neuter noun maraṇa |
| sokehi | With sorrows | Instrumental plural, masculine noun soka |
| paridevehi | With lamentations | Instrumental plural, masculine noun parideva |
| dukkhehi | With sufferings | Instrumental plural, neuter noun dukkha |
| domanassehi | With griefs | Instrumental plural, neuter noun domanassa |
| upāyāsehi | With distresses | Instrumental plural, neuter noun upāyāsa |
| dukkhotiṇṇo | Overwhelmed by suffering | Compound: dukkha + otiṇṇa (past participle), nominative singular |
| dukkhapareto | Surrounded by suffering | Compound: dukkha + pareta (surrounded by), nominative singular |
Appeva nāma imassa kevalassa dukkhakkhandhassa antakiriyā
paññāyethāti. Ahañceva kho pana yādisake kāme ohāya
agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito
tādisake vā kāme pariyeseyyaṁ tato vā pāpiṭṭhatare,
na metaṁ patirūpan'ti.
| Appeva | Oh that it might... (hope/wish) | Indeclinable, idiomatic wish form |
| nāma | Indeed, surely (emphatic particle) | Indeclinable |
| kevalassa | Entire | Genitive singular, adjective |
| dukkhakkhandhassa | Mass of suffering | Genitive singular, compound: dukkha + kkhandha |
| antakiriyā | Ending, cessation | Nominative singular, feminine noun |
| paññāyetha | Might be known, realized | Optative mood, 3rd person singular, passive from paññāyati |
| yādisake | Of such kind | Accusative plural, adjective |
| kāme | Desires, sense-pleasures | Accusative plural, masculine |
| ohāya | Having abandoned | Absolutive of ohāti (to leave behind) |
| tādisake | Such, of that kind | Accusative plural, adjective |
| pariyeseyyaṁ | I would seek | Optative mood, 1st person singular, from pariyesati (to seek/search) |
| pāpiṭṭhatare | Even worse, more base | Comparative form of pāpiṭṭha |
| patirūpaṁ | Suitable, fitting | Accusative singular, neuter adjective |
So iti paṭisañcikkhati: 'āraddhaṁ kho pana me
vīriyaṁ bhavissati asallīnaṁ,
upaṭṭhitā sati asammuṭṭhā,
passaddho kāyo asāraddho,
samāhitaṁ cittaṁ ekaggan'ti.
So attānaṁyeva adhipatiṁ karitvā
akusalaṁ pajahati, kusalaṁ bhāveti,
sāvajjaṁ pajahati, anavajjaṁ bhāveti,
suddhaṁ attānaṁ pariharati.
Idaṁ vuccati, bhikkhave, attādhipateyyaṁ.
| āraddhaṁ | Aroused, initiated | Past participle, nominative singular, neuter |
| vīriyaṁ | Energy, effort | Nominative singular, neuter noun |
| bhavissati | Will be | Future tense, 3rd person singular |
| asallīnaṁ | Unsluggish, not lazy | Past participle, accusative singular, adjective from asallīna |
| upaṭṭhitā | Established, present | Past participle, nominative singular, feminine (sati) |
| sati | Mindfulness | Nominative singular, feminine noun |
| asammuṭṭhā | Not confused | Past participle, nominative singular, feminine |
| passaddho | Calm, relaxed | Past participle, nominative singular, masculine |
| kāyo | Body | Nominative singular, masculine noun |
| asāraddho | Unagitated, unaroused | Past participle, nominative singular, masculine |
| samāhitaṁ | Collected, composed | Past participle, accusative singular, neuter (modifying cittaṁ) |
| cittaṁ | Mind | Accusative singular, neuter noun |
| ekaggaṁ | Unified, one-pointed | Adjective, accusative singular, neuter |
| attānaṁ | Himself | Accusative singular of atta |
| yeva | Just, only | Emphatic particle (indeclinable) |
| adhipatiṁ | Master, authority | Accusative singular, masculine noun |
| karitvā | Having made | Absolutive of karoti (to make/do) |
| akusalaṁ | Unwholesome | Accusative singular, neuter adjective |
| pajahati | Abandons | 3rd person singular, present tense |
| bhāveti | Develops | 3rd person singular, present tense |
| sāvajjaṁ | Blameworthy | Accusative singular, neuter adjective |
| anavajjaṁ | Blameless | Accusative singular, neuter adjective |
| suddhaṁ | Pure | Accusative singular, neuter adjective |
| attānaṁ | Himself | Accusative singular of atta |
| pariharati | Maintains, takes care of | 3rd person singular, present tense |
Katamañca, bhikkhave, lokādhipateyyaṁ? ...
Ahañceva kho pana evaṁ pabbajito samāno
kāmavitakkaṁ vā vitakkeyyaṁ, byāpādavitakkaṁ vā vitakkeyyaṁ,
vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ vā vitakkeyyaṁ, mahā kho panāyaṁ lokasannivāso.
Mahantasmiṁ kho pana lokasannivāse santi samaṇabrāhmaṇā
iddhimanto dibbacakkhukā paracittaviduno. Te dūratopi passanti,
āsannāpi na dissanti, cetasāpi cittaṁ pajānanti.
Tepi maṁ evaṁ jāneyyuṁ: 'passatha, bho, imaṁ kulaputtaṁ
saddhā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito samāno
vokiṇṇo viharati pāpakehi akusalehi dhammehī'ti.
Devatāpi kho santi iddhimantiniyo dibbacakkhukā paracittaviduniyo...
| samāno | Being | Present participle, nominative singular |
| kāmavitakkaṁ | Sensual thought | Accusative singular, masculine compound noun: kāma + vitakka |
| vitakkeyyaṁ | Might think | Optative mood, 1st person singular of vitakketi |
| byāpādavitakkaṁ | Thought of ill-will | Accusative singular, masculine compound noun |
| vihiṁsāvitakkaṁ | Thought of harming | Accusative singular, masculine compound noun |
| lokasannivāso | World population, world community | Nominative singular, compound noun: loka + sannivāsa |
| mahantasmiṁ | In the great | Locative singular, adjective mahanta |
| santi | There are | 3rd person plural, present tense of atthi |
| iddhimanto | Possessing psychic powers | Nominative plural, masculine adjective |
| dibbacakkhukā | With divine eye | Nominative plural, adjective |
| paracittaviduno | Knowers of others' minds | Nominative plural, adjective |
| dūratopi | Even from afar | Indeclinable (dūrato + api) |
| passanti | They see | 3rd person plural, present tense |
| āsannāpi | Even though near | Indeclinable (āsanna + api) |
| na dissanti | Are not seen | Present passive, 3rd person plural |
| cetasāpi | Even by mind | Instrumental singular, masculine noun cetas + api |
| pajānanti | They know clearly | 3rd person plural, present tense of pajānāti |
| tepi | They too | Nominative plural pronoun + emphatic pi |
| jāneyyuṁ | Might know | Optative mood, 3rd person plural |
| passatha | Look! (see!) | Imperative 2nd person plural |
| bho | O! Hey! (vocative) | Vocative particle |
| kulaputtaṁ | Son of a good family | Accusative singular, masculine noun |
| vokiṇṇo | Mixed up with | Past participle, nominative singular, from vi + ava + √kir |
| viharati | Dwells, lives | 3rd person singular, present tense verb |
| pāpakehi | With evil | Instrumental plural, adjective pāpaka |
| devatāpi | The deities too | Nominative plural, feminine noun devatā + emphatic pi |
| iddhimantiniyo | Possessing psychic power (female) | Nominative plural, feminine adjective |
| dibbacakkhukā | Having the divine eye | Nominative plural, feminine adjective |
| paracittaviduniyo | Knower of others' minds | Nominative plural, feminine adjective |
Katamañca, bhikkhave, dhammādhipateyyaṁ? ...
Svākkhāto bhagavatā dhammo sandiṭṭhiko akāliko
ehipassiko opaneyyiko paccattaṁ veditabbo viññūhīti.
Santi kho pana me sabrahmacārī jānaṁ passaṁ viharanti.
Ahañceva kho pana evaṁ svākkhāte dhammavinaye
pabbajito samāno kusīto vihareyyaṁ pamatto,
na metaṁ assa patirūpan'ti.
| svākkhāto | Well-proclaimed | Past participle of svākkhāta (su + ākhyāta), nominative singular, masculine |
| bhagavatā | By the Blessed One | Instrumental singular, masculine noun |
| sandiṭṭhiko | Directly visible, seen by oneself | Nominative singular, masculine adjective |
| akāliko | Timeless, not delayed | Nominative singular, masculine adjective |
| ehipassiko | Inviting verification, come-and-see | Nominative singular, masculine adjective |
| opaneyyiko | Leading onward, to be applied | Nominative singular, masculine adjective |
| paccattaṁ | Personally, for oneself | Indeclinable |
| veditabbo | To be known, understood | Future passive participle (gerundive), nominative singular, masculine |
| viññūhi | By the wise | Instrumental plural, masculine noun viññū |
| sabrahmacārī | Fellow monks, spiritual companions | Nominative plural, masculine noun |
| jānaṁ | Knowing | Present participle, accusative singular, used adverbially here |
| passaṁ | Seeing | Present participle, accusative singular, used adverbially here |
| viharanti | They dwell | 3rd person plural, present tense verb |
| svākkhāte | Well-proclaimed | Locative singular, masculine adjective, agreeing with dhammavinaye |
| dhammavinaye | In the Dhamma and Discipline | Locative singular, compound noun: dhamma + vinaya |
| kusīto | Lazy | Nominative singular, masculine adjective |
| vihareyyaṁ | Might dwell | Optative mood, 1st person singular, verb from viharati |
| pamatto | Heedless, negligent | Nominative singular, masculine adjective, past participle of pamajjati |
| assa | Would be | Optative 3rd person singular, from atthi |
Verse summary at the end:
| Natthi loke raho nāma, pāpakammaṁ pakubbato; | For one performing an evil deed, there is no place in the world called "hidden." |
| Attā te purisa jānāti, saccaṁ vā yadi vā musā. | The self within you knows, O person, whether it is true or false. |
| Kalyāṇaṁ vata bho sakkhi, attānaṁ atimaññasi; | Indeed, sir, you the witness despise your good self; |
| Yo santaṁ attani pāpaṁ, attānaṁ parigūhasi. | you conceal the evil self existing within yourself. |
| Passanti devā ca tathāgatā ca, Lokasmiṁ bālaṁ visamaṁ carantaṁ; | The devas and Tathāgatas see the fool acting unrighteously in the world. |
| Tasmā hi attādhipateyyako ca, Lokādhipo ca nipako ca jhāyī; | Therefore one should fare mindfully, taking oneself as authority; alert and meditative, taking the world as authority; |
| Dhammādhipo ca anudhammacārī, Na hīyati saccaparakkamo muni. | and fare in accordance with the Dhamma, taking the Dhamma as authority. Truly exerting himself, a sage does not decline. |
| Pasayha māraṁ abhibhuyya antakaṁ, Yo ca phusī jātikkhayaṁ padhānavā; | Having vanquished Māra and overcome the end-maker, the striver has finished with birth. |
| So tādiso lokavidū sumedho, Sabbesu dhammesu atammayo munī"ti. | Such a sage, wise, a world-knower, identifies with nothing at all. |