2025-09-16
MN 82 Raṭṭhapālasutta
"Bhuñja, tāta raṭṭhapāla, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan"ti. Atha kho āyasmato raṭṭhapālassa pitā
āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesi sampavāresi.
Atha kho āyasmā raṭṭhapālo bhuttāvī onītapattapāṇī ṭhitakova imā gāthā abhāsi:
| tāta 2 | (masc) term of affection; son; brother; friend; dear masc |
| niṭṭhita 2 | (pp) (of food) ready; prepared [ni + √ṭhā + ita] pp of niṭṭhāti |
| bhatta 1.1 | (nt) food; boiled rice [√bhaj + ta] nt, pp of bhajati |
| sahatthā | (ind) personally; with one's own hand; by oneself [sa + hattha + ā] |
| santappesi | (aor) satisfied; satiated; fulfilled [saṁ + tappe + si] aor of santappeti |
| onītapattapāṇī | (adj) having removed one's hand from the bowl [onīta + patta + pāṇī] adj, comp |
| abhāsi 1 | (aor) spoke; said [a + √bhā + si] aor of ābhāti |
"Passa cittīkataṁ bimbaṁ, / arukāyaṁ samussitaṁ;
Āturaṁ bahusaṅkappaṁ, / yassa natthi dhuvaṁ ṭhiti.
| cittīkataṁ | (ind) thoughtfully; considerately [citta > ī + kata + aṁ] acc sg of cittīkata |
| bimba 1 | (nt) form; image; doll; puppet; body nt |
| arukāya | (masc) collection of wounds; mass of sores [aru + kāya] masc, comp |
| samussita 1 | (pp) elevated; propped up [saṁ + ud + √si + ta] pp of samusseti |
| ātura | (adj) sick; diseased; ill; unhealthy [ā + √tur + a] adj, from āturati |
| bahusaṅkappa | (adj) full of plans; with many intentions; (or) much thought about; [bahu + saṅkappa] |
| yassa 1 | (pron) to whom; for whom; [ya + ssa] pron, masc & nt dat sg of ya |
| dhuva 1 | (adj) stable; enduring; permanent; [√dhuv + a] adj |
| ṭhiti 2 | (fem) state; station; support [√ṭhā + ti] fem, abstr, from tiṭṭhati |
Passa cittīkataṁ rūpaṁ, / maṇinā kuṇḍalena ca;
Aṭṭhi tacena onaddhaṁ, / saha vatthebhi sobhati.
| maṇi 1 | (masc) jewel; gemstone; crystal masc |
| kuṇḍala 1 | (masc) ring; earring [√kuṇḍ + a + la], [kuṇḍa + la] masc, from kuṇḍa |
| aṭṭhi 1.1 | (nt) bone nt |
| onaddha | (pp) covered (with); wrapped (with) [ava + √nadh + ta] pp of onandhati |
| vattha 1.1 | (nt) cloth; clothes; robe [√vas + ta] nt |
| sobhati 1 | (pr) shines (in); radiates (in) [sobha + ti] pr |
... Añjanīva navā cittā, / pūtikāyo alaṅkato;
Alaṁ bālassa mohāya, / no ca pāragavesino.
| añjanī 1 | (fem) make up box; (comm) collyrium tube [√añj + ana + ī] |
| nava 1.1 | (adj) new; fresh adj |
| citta 2.1 | (adj) decorated; beautiful; adorned [√citt + a] adj, from citteti |
| pūtikāya | (masc) putrid body; stinking body; [pūti + kāya] masc, comp |
| alaṅkata | (pp) dressed up; decorated; adorned (with) [alaṁ + kata] |
| alaṁ 3 | (ind) enough; it is enough (for) ind, emph, acc sg of ala |
| bāla 2 | (masc) fool; idiot; immature person masc |
| pāragavesī 2 | (adj) seeking the far shore [pāra + gavesī] adj, comp |
Odahi migavo pāsaṁ, / nāsadā vākaraṁ migo;
Bhutvā nivāpaṁ gacchāma, / kandante migabandhake"ti.
| odahi 1 | (aor) put (in); inserted [ava + daha + i] aor of odahati |
| migava 1 | (masc) hunter; huntsman [miga + va] masc, agent, from miga |
| pāsa 2.1 | (masc) snare; trap; sling [√pas > pās + *a] masc |
| nāsadi 2 | (aor) (of a trap) did not trigger; did not spring [na + āsadi] |
| vākarā | (fem) net; trap; fence (for snaring animals) fem |
| miga 1 | (masc) deer masc |
| bhutvā 1 | (abs) having eaten [√bhuj + tvā] abs of bhuñjati |
| nivāpa 1 | (masc) fodder; feeding; offered food masc, in comps |
| kandanta | (prp) crying out; wailing [kanda + nta] prp of kandati |
| migabandhaka | (masc) deer catcher; deer trapper [miga + bandhaka] masc, comp |
... Nisīdi rājā korabyo paññatte āsane. Nisajja kho rājā korabyo āyasmantaṁ raṭṭhapālaṁ etadavoca:
"Cattārimāni, bho raṭṭhapāla, pārijuññāni yehi pārijuññehi samannāgatā idhekacce kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti. Katamāni cattāri? Jarāpārijuññaṁ, byādhipārijuññaṁ, bhogapārijuññaṁ, ñātipārijuññaṁ.
| paññatta 1 | (pp) prepared; readied; arranged; laid out [pa + ñāpe + ta] pp of paññāpeti |
| pārijuñña 1 | (nt) decrepitude; deterioration; [parijiṇṇa + *ya] |
| parijīyati | (pr) wears out; decays; becomes old [pari + jīya + ti] pr, pass of pari √jīr |
| idhekacca | (pron) here a certain; in this case some; some people here [idha + ekacca] |
| kesamassu | (nt) hair and beard [kesa + massu] nt, comp |
| ohāretvā | (abs) having shaved; having shaved off [ava + hāre + tvā] abs of ohāreti |
| kāsāya 1 | (adj) organic brown; colour of Buddhist monks' robes |
| vattha 1.1 | (nt) cloth; clothes; robe [√vas + ta] nt |
| acchādetvā | (abs) having dressed (in); having put on [ā + chāde + tvā] abs of acchādeti |
| agāra 2 | (nt) household life; domestic living nt |
| anagāriya 1 | (nt) homelessness; homeless state nt, abstr, from na agāra |
| pabbajati | (pr) ordains as a monastic; renounces the household life [pa + vaja + ti] pr |
| jarāpārijuñña | (nt) deterioration due to aging [jarā + pārijuñña] nt, abstr, comp |
| byādhipārijuñña | (nt) deterioration due to sickness [byādhi + pārijuñña] nt, abstr, comp |
| bhogapārijuñña | (nt) deterioration of riches [bhoga + pārijuñña] nt, abstr, comp |
| ñātipārijuñña | (nt) deterioration of family [ñāti + pārijuñña] nt, comp |
Tāni bhoto raṭṭhapālassa natthi. Kiṁ bhavaṁ raṭṭhapālo ñatvā vā disvā vā sutvā vā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito"ti?
"Atthi kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena cattāro dhammuddesā uddiṭṭhā, ye ahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito. Katame cattāro?
| tāni 1 | (pron) they; those; those things [ta + āni] pron, nt nom pl of ta |
| bhoto 2 | (masc) of sir; of master; of you [bho + to] masc, gen sg of bhavant, irreg |
| bhavaṁ 2 | (masc) master; sir; you [bhavant + aṁ] masc, nom sg of bhavant, irreg |
| ñatvā | (abs) having known; having found out; having understood [√ñā + tvā] abs of jānāti |
| disvā | (abs) having seen; having understood; having found out [√dis + tvā] abs of √dis |
| sutvā | (abs) having heard; having listened (to) [√su + tvā] abs of suṇāti |
| uddesa 1 | (masc) statement in brief; summary; introduction masc, from uddisati |
| uddiṭṭha 1 | (pp) recited (by); explained (by); mentioned (by) [ud + √dis + ta] pp of uddisati |
'Upaniyyati loko addhuvo'ti kho, mahārāja, tena bhagavatā jānatā passatā arahatā sammāsambuddhena
paṭhamo dhammuddeso uddiṭṭho, yamahaṁ ñatvā ca disvā ca sutvā ca agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito.'Atāṇo loko anabhissaro'ti ...
'Assako loko, sabbaṁ pahāya gamanīyan'ti ...
'Ūno loko atitto taṇhādāso'ti ...
| upaniyyati | (pr) is led onwards; is carried (towards) (aging and death) [upa + nīya + ti] |
| atāṇa | (adj) without refuge; defenseless; without protection [na > a + √tā + ṇa] adj, from na tāṇa |
| assaka 2 | (adj) without ownership; void of possession [na > a + sa + ka] adj, from na sa |
| sabba 2 | (pron) everything; everyone; all pron |
| pahāya 1 | (ger) leaving behind; giving up; abandoning [pa + √hā + ya] ger of pajahati |
| gamanīya 2 | (ptp) to be travelled (with) [√gam + anīya] ptp of gacchati, in comps |
| ūna 1 | (adj) deficient (in); lacking; wanting; short (by); less than (by) adj |
| atitta | (pp) not satisfied; discontent [na > a + √tis + ta] pp of na √tis |
| taṇhādāsa | (adj) enslaved by craving; a slave of desire [taṇhā + dāsa] adj, comp |
... Idamavoca āyasmā raṭṭhapālo. Idaṁ vatvā athāparaṁ etadavoca:
"Passāmi loke sadhane manusse, / Laddhāna vittaṁ na dadanti mohā;
Luddhā dhanaṁ sannicayaṁ karonti, / Bhiyyova kāme abhipatthayanti.
| dhana 1 | (nt) wealth; riches; treasure [√dhan + a] nt |
| manussa | (masc) human being; man; person [manu + ssa] masc, from manu |
| laddhāna | (abs) having got; having obtained [√labh > ladh + tvāna] abs of labhati |
| vitta 1.1 | (nt) wealth; property; possession [√vid + ta] nt, pp of vindati |
| dadāti | (pr) gives; offers; donates; grants (something to) [dadā + ti] pr |
| luddha 2 | (pp) greedy; covetous [√lubh + ta] pp of lubbhati |
| sannicaya | (masc) hoard; pile; stash; accumulation |
| bhiyyo | (ind) more (than); greater than (than); [bhiyya + o] |
| abhipatthayanta | (prp) longing (for); hoping (for); craving (for); aspiring (for) [abhi + pa + atthaya + nta] |
Rājā pasayhā pathaviṁ vijitvā, / Sasāgarantaṁ mahimāvasanto;
Oraṁ samuddassa atittarūpo, / Pāraṁ samuddassapi patthayetha.
| pasayhā | (ger) overcoming; conquering; vanquishing [pa + √sah + ya] ger of pasahati |
| pathavī 1 | (fem) earth; world [√path + avī] fem |
| vijitvā | (abs) having conquered; [vi + √ji + tvā] abs of vijināti |
| sasāgaranta | (adj) extending to the ocean; stretching as far as the sea [sa + sāgara + anta] adj, comp |
| mahimāvasanta | (prp) ruling the mighty earth; [mahiṁ + āvasanta] prp, comp vb |
| ora 2 | (nt) this side; this bank; near side (of) [ava > o + ra] nt, abbrev of avara |
| samudda | (masc) sea; ocean [saṁ + √ud + ra] masc, from samuddati |
| atittarūpa | (adj) dissatisfied; discontented; not content [na > a + titta + rūpa] adj, comp |
| pāra 1.1 | (nt) far side; far shore; bank on the other side (of) [para > pāra + *a] |
| patthayati | (pr) wishes (for); wants; aspires (for); craves (for) [pa + atthaya + ti] pr |
Rājā ca aññe ca bahū manussā, / Avītataṇhā maraṇaṁ upenti;
Ūnāva hutvāna jahanti dehaṁ, / Kāmehi lokamhi na hatthi titti.
| aññe | (pron) others; other people; the rest [añña + e] pron, masc nom & acc pl of añña |
| avītataṇha | (adj) not free from desire (for); not without craving (for) [na > a + vīta + taṇha] |
| upeti 1 | (pr) comes; approaches; enters [upa + e + ti] pr |
| ūna 1 | (adj) deficient (in); lacking; wanting; short (by); less than (by) adj |
| hutvāna | (abs) having become [√hū + tvāna] abs of hoti |
| jahati 1 | (pr) gives up; leaves; abandons; deserts [jaha + ti] pr |
| deha 1 | (masc) body [√dih > deh + *a] masc |
| hatthi | (pr) there is; metrical form of atthi, 3rd.sg.pr.ind. |
| titti 1.1 | (fem) satisfaction (in); contentment (from) [√tis + ti] fem, abstr |
[...] Aḍḍhā daliddā ca phusanti phassaṁ, / Bālo ca dhīro ca tatheva phuṭṭho;
Bālo ca bālyā vadhitova seti, / Dhīro ca na vedhati phassaphuṭṭho.
| aḍḍha 2.1 | (adj) wealthy; rich; loaded; (comm) with power [ā + √idh + a] adj, from ijjhati |
| dalidda | (adj) poor; needy; impoverished adj |
| phusati 1 | (pr) touches; contacts; feels; experiences [phusa + ti] pr |
| phassa 2 | (masc) experience (of); coming into contact (with) [√phus > phass + a] masc, from phusati |
| tatheva 1 | (sandhi) likewise; in the same way; [tathā + eva] sandhi, adv + ind |
| phuṭṭha 1 | (pp) touched (by); contacted (by); experienced [√phus + ta] pp of phusati |
| bālya | (nt) foolishness; stupidity; [bāla + ya] nt, abstr, from bāla |
| vadhita 1 | (pp) struck; stricken; slain [√vadh + ita] pp of vadheti |
| seti 1 | (pr) lies; lies around [se + ti] pr |
| vedhati | (pr) shakes; trembles; is agitated; is distressed; [vedha + ti] pr |
| phassaphuṭṭha | (adj) contacted by experience; experiencing the touch [phassa + phuṭṭha] adj, comp |
[...] Kāmāhi citrā madhurā manoramā, / Virūparūpena mathenti cittaṁ;
Ādīnavaṁ kāmaguṇesu disvā, / Tasmā ahaṁ pabbajitomhi rāja.
| citra 1.2 | (adj) varied; different; diverse [√cit + ra] adj |
| madhura 1.1 | (adj) sweet; lovely [madhu + ra] adj, from madhu |
| manorama | (adj) delightful; pleasant; attractive [mano + rama] adj, comp |
| virūparūpena | (ind) in various ways; differently [virūpa + rūpa + ena] ind, adv, comp, instr sg of virūparūpa |
| matheti | (pr) churns; stirs; disturbs; agitates [mathe + ti] pr, caus of mathati |
| citta 1.1 | (nt) mind; heart [√cit + ta] nt, from ceteti |
| ādīnava 2 | (masc) disadvantage (of); drawback (of); inadequacy (of) masc, from ādīna |
| kāmaguṇa 1 | (masc) object of sensual pleasure [kāma + guṇa] masc, comp |
| disvā | (abs) having seen; having understood; having found out [√dis + tvā] abs of √dis |
| tasmā 1 | (pron) from that [ta + smā] pron, masc & nt abl sg of ta |
| pabbajitomhi | (sandhi) I am a monk (in) [pabbajito + amhi] sandhi, pp + pr |
Dumapphalāneva patanti māṇavā, / Daharā ca vuḍḍhā ca sarīrabhedā;
Etampi disvā pabbajitomhi rāja, / Apaṇṇakaṁ sāmaññameva seyyo"ti.
| dumapphala | (nt) fruit from a tree [duma + phala] nt, comp |
| patati 3 | (pr) falls (off); falls (from) [pata + ti] pr |
| māṇava 1 | (masc) young man; young gentleman; young Brahman [manu > māṇav + *a] masc, from manu |
| dahara 1 | (adj) young; youthful; junior adj |
| vuḍḍha 1 | (pp) old; elderly; senior [√vaḍḍh > vuḍḍh + ta] pp of vaḍḍhati |
| sarīrabheda | (masc) breakup of the body; physical death [sarīra + bheda] masc, comp |
| etampi | (sandhi) just this; this alone; this [etaṁ + api] sandhi, pron + ind |
| apaṇṇakaṁ | (ind) surely; certainly; without a doubt; unquestionably [na > a + pañca > paṇṇa + ka + aṁ] |
| sāmañña 1.1 | (nt) monkhood; ascetic life [samaṇa + *ya] nt, abstr, from samaṇa |
| seyyo | (ind) better (than); it is better (than) [seyya + o] ind, compar, nom sg of seyya |