2025-12-03
Ablative case examples
Tasmā dade appaṭivānacitto, / Yattha dinnaṁ mahapphalaṁ; (2025-09-30)
Avijjāya tveva asesavirāganirodhā saṅkhāranirodho; saṅkhāranirodhā viññāṇanirodho...
Atha kho bhagavā sāyanhasamayaṁ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhito
Vuṭṭhahi cāyasmā mahākassapo tamhā ābādhā. (2025-01-15)
na kho panāhaṁ cīvarahetu agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajito. (2025-06-18)
āyasmā mahākassapo pāvāya kusināraṁ addhānamaggappaṭipanno hoti (2025-05-21)
Suññato lokaṁ avekkhassu, / Mogharāja sadā sato; (2025-09-09)
te dhamme aniccato dukkhato ... parato palokato suññato anattato samanupassati. (2025-09-09)
SN 22.89 Khemakasutta
Ekaṁ samayaṁ sambahulā therā bhikkhū kosambiyaṁ viharanti ghositārāme. Tena kho pana samayena
āyasmā khemako badarikārāme viharati ābādhiko dukkhito bāḷhagilāno.Atha kho therā bhikkhū sāyanhasamayaṁ paṭisallānā vuṭṭhitā āyasmantaṁ dāsakaṁ āmantesuṁ:
"ehi tvaṁ, āvuso dāsaka, yena khemako bhikkhu tenupasaṅkama; upasaṅkamitvā khemakaṁ bhikkhuṁ evaṁ vadehi:
'therā taṁ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṁsu ..."(They send Ven. Dāsaka to ask if Ven. Khemaka's pains are decreasing.
Ven. Khemaka responds that no, he is not feeling better.)
| sambahula | (adj) many; numerous; plenty of [saṁ + √bah + u + la], [sambahu + la] adj, from bahula |
| khemaka 2 | (adj) at peace; who is safe [√khi > khe + *ma + ka], [khema + ka] adj, from khema |
| badarikārāma | (masc) name of a monastery neat to Kosambī [badarikā + ārāma] masc, comp |
| ābādhika | (adj) sick; ill [ā + √bādh + a + ika], [ābādha + ika] adj, from ābādha |
| dukkhita 1 | (pp) afflicted (with); suffering (from) [√dukkh + ita] pp of √dukkh |
| bāḷhagilāna | (adj) extremely ill; very sick; with strong illness [bāḷha + gilāna] adj, comp |
| sāyanhasamayaṁ | (ind) in the late afternoon; in the early evening [sāyanha + samaya + aṁ] |
| paṭisallāna 1 | (nt) privacy; seclusion; solitude nt, from paṭisallīyati |
| vuṭṭhita 1 | (pp) risen (from); got up (from); emerged (from); [[v] + ud + √ṭhā + ita] |
| dāsaka 1 | (masc) young slave; servant-boy masc, dimin of dāsa |
| āmantesi | (aor) addressed; said (to); advised [ā + mante + si] aor of āmanteti |
| ehi | (imp) come! [e + hi] imp 2nd sg of etu |
| tvaṁ 1 | (pron) you (subject) [tumha + aṁ > tuvaṁ > tvaṁ] pron, 2nd nom sg of tumha |
| vada 1 | (adj) speaking; who talks [√vad + a] adj, from vadati |
| evamāhaṁsu | (sandhi) they said this; they spoke thus [evaṁ + āhaṁsu] sandhi, ind + perf |
(Dāsaka carries back the response, the Elders tell him their message)
"... khemakaṁ bhikkhuṁ evaṁ vadehi: 'therā taṁ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṁsu ---
pañcime, āvuso, upādānakkhandhā vuttā bhagavatā, seyyathidaṁ --- rūpupādānakkhandho ...
viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Imesu āyasmā khemako pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu
kiñci attaṁ vā attaniyaṁ vā samanupassatī'"ti?
| pañcasu | (card) in five; among five [pañca + asu] card, x loc pl of pañca |
| kiñci 1 | (ind) something; anything [ka > ki + iṁ + ci] ind, from kaci |
| attaniya | (adj) one's own; belonging to oneself; fit to be a self [atta + [n] + iya] adj, from atta |
| samanupassati 2 | (pr) regards; considers; recognises (as); sees (as) [saṁ + anu + passa + ti] pr |
(Dāsaka carries the message, Khemaka responds that he doesn't assume the aggregates
to be self or belonging to self. Dāsaka carries back the response, the Elders respond)"... No ce kirāyasmā khemako imesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu kiñci attaṁ vā attaniyaṁ vā samanupassati.
Tenahāyasmā khemako arahaṁ khīṇāsavo'"ti.
| kirāyasmā | (sandhi) we heard the venerable; it is said the venerable [kira + āyasmā] sandhi, ind + masc |
| tenahāyasmā | (sandhi) therefore venerable; in that case venerable [tena + hi + āyasmā] |
| khīṇāsava | (adj) who has destroyed the effluents; epithet of an arahant [khīṇa + āsava] adj, comp |
(Dāsako carries the message, Khemaka responds)
"... Imesu khvāhaṁ, āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu na kiñci attaṁ vā attaniyaṁ vā samanupassāmi,
na camhi arahaṁ khīṇāsavo; api ca me, āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu 'asmī'ti adhigataṁ,
'ayamahamasmī'ti na ca samanupassāmī"ti.(Dāsako carries back the response, the Elders tell him their message)
"... 'Therā taṁ, āvuso khemaka, evamāhaṁsu --- yametaṁ, āvuso khemaka, asmīti vadesi, kimetaṁ asmīti vadesi?
Rūpaṁ asmīti vadesi, aññatra rūpā asmīti vadesi, vedanaṁ ... saññaṁ ... saṅkhāre ... viññāṇaṁ asmīti vadesi,
aññatra viññāṇā asmīti vadesi. Yametaṁ, āvuso khemaka, asmīti vadesi. Kimetaṁ asmīti vadesī'"ti?
| khvāhaṁ | (sandhi) I indeed; I certainly [kho > khv + ahaṁ] sandhi, ind + pron |
| api 1.1 | (ind) just; only ind |
| asmi | (pr) I am [√as + mi] pr 1st sg of atthi |
| adhigata 2 | (pp) possessed (with regard to); found (in) [adhi + √gam + ta] |
| ayamahamasmi | (sandhi) I am this [ayaṁ + ahaṁ + asmi] sandhi, pron + pron + pr |
| yametaṁ | (sandhi) this; this which [yaṁ + etaṁ] sandhi, pron + pron |
| vadeti 1 | (pr) say; speaks; calls; describes (as) [vade + ti] pr |
| kimetaṁ | (sandhi) what is this? [kiṁ + etaṁ] sandhi, pron + pron, interr |
| aññatra 2 | (ind) apart (from); aside (from); other (than); [añña + tra] |
(Dāsaka carries the message, Khemaka responds)
"Alaṁ, āvuso dāsaka, kiṁ imāya sandhāvanikāya. Āharāvuso, daṇḍaṁ; ahameva yena therā bhikkhū tenupasaṅkamissāmī"ti.
| alaṁ 5 | (ind) that's enough (of)!; stop (with)! ind, excl, acc sg of ala |
| kiṁ 1 | (pron) who?; what?; which? [ka > ki + iṁ] pron, nt nom and acc sg of ka |
| imāya | (pron) by this; with this; due to this [ima + āya] pron, fem instr sg of ima |
| sandhāvanikā | (fem) game of running back and forth; going to and fro [saṁ + √dhāv + ana + ikā] |
| āharati 1.1 | (pr) brings; brings back; fetches; procures (something for) [ā + hara + ti] pr |
| daṇḍa 2 | (masc) walking stick; staff masc |
| ahameva | (sandhi) I am just; I am even [ahaṁ + eva] sandhi, pron + ind |
(Ven. Khemaka meets the Elders, they repeat the question, Khemaka responds)
"... Seyyathāpi, āvuso, uppalassa vā padumassa vā puṇḍarīkassa vā gandho. Yo nu kho evaṁ vadeyya:
'pattassa gandho'ti vā 'vaṇṇassa gandho'ti vā 'kiñjakkhassa gandho'ti vā
sammā nu kho so vadamāno vadeyyā"ti? "No hetaṁ, āvuso".
"Yathā kathaṁ, panāvuso, sammā byākaramāno byākareyyā"ti?
"'Pupphassa gandho'ti kho, āvuso, sammā byākaramāno byākareyyā"ti.
| uppala 1 | (nt) blue water lily; (comm) (or) aquatic flower in general nt |
| patta 2.4 | (nt) petal nt |
| vaṇṇa 1.02 | (masc) colour [√var + na] masc, pp of √var |
| kiñjakkha | (nt) filament; pistil nt |
| sammā 3 | (ind) proper; right; correct; perfect ind, in comps |
| vadamāna | (prp) speaking; saying [vada + māna] prp of vadati |
| yathā 1 | (ind) like; as; as per; according to; how; in whatever way [ya + thā] ind, adv, from ya |
| kathaṁ 1 | (ind) how? [ka + thaṁ] ind, adv, interr, from ka |
| byākaramāna | (prp) answering; replying [vi > vy > by + ā + karo > kara + māna] prp of byākaroti |
| puppha 1 | (nt) flower [√pupph + a] nt, from pupphati |
"Evameva khvāhaṁ, āvuso ... Api ca me, āvuso, pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu 'asmī'ti adhigataṁ
'ayamahamasmī'ti na ca samanupassāmi. Kiñcāpi, āvuso, ariyasāvakassa pañcorambhāgiyāni saṁyojanāni
pahīnāni bhavanti, atha khvassa hoti: 'yo ca pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu anusahagato
asmīti māno, asmīti chando, asmīti anusayo asamūhato.So aparena samayena pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu udayabbayānupassī viharati --- iti rūpaṁ, iti rūpassa samudayo,
iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; ... iti viññāṇaṁ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo'ti.Tassimesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu udayabbayānupassino viharato yopissa hoti pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu
anusahagato 'asmī'ti, māno 'asmī'ti, chando 'asmī'ti anusayo asamūhato, sopi samugghātaṁ gacchati.
| kiñcāpi | (sandhi) however much; even if; although [kiṁ + ca + api] |
| pañcorambhāgiya | (adj) five lower [pañca + orambhāgiya] adj, comp |
| pahīna | (pp) abandoned; removed; given up [pa + √hā > hī + na] pp of pajahati |
| bhavati 1 | (pr) is; is being; becomes [bhava + ti] pr |
| khvassa 1 | (sandhi) for him indeed [kho > khv + assa] sandhi, ind + pron |
| anusahagata | (adj) tiny residual; slight leftover [aṇu > anu + sahagata] adj, comp |
| anusaya | (masc) underlying tendency (to); dormant disposition (towards); [anu + √sī > say + *a] |
| asamūhata | (pp) not removed; not uprooted; not eradicated; [na > a + saṁ + ud > ū + √han + ta] |
| aparena 1 | (ind) later on; afterwards [apara + ena] ind, adv, instr sg of apara |
| udayabbayānupassī | (adj) seeing the rise and fall (of); following the appearance and disappearance (of); watching the formation and dissolution (of) [udayabbaya + anupassī] adj, comp |
| atthaṅgama 1 | (masc) disappearance (of); vanishing (of); [atthaṁ + gama] from atthaṁ gacchati |
| tassimesu | (sandhi) when he (is seeing rise and fall) in these [tassa + imesu] |
| viharanta | (prp) living (in); dwelling (in); remaining (in); [vi + hara + nta] prp of viharati |
| yopissa | (sandhi) whatever indeed for him; [yo + api + assa] sandhi, pron + ind + pron |
| sopi | (sandhi) he too; that also; that even [so + api] sandhi, pron + ind |
| samugghāta 1 | (masc) eradication; extermination; destruction [saṁ + ud + √ghaṭ > ghāṭ + *a] |
| gacchati 2 | (pr) becomes [gaccha + ti] pr |
Seyyathāpi, āvuso, vatthaṁ saṅkiliṭṭhaṁ malaggahitaṁ. Tamenaṁ sāmikā rajakassa anupadajjuṁ.
Tamenaṁ rajako ūse vā khāre vā gomaye vā sammadditvā acche udake vikkhāleti.Kiñcāpi taṁ hoti vatthaṁ parisuddhaṁ pariyodātaṁ, atha khvassa hoti yeva anusahagato ūsagandho vā
khāragandho vā gomayagandho vā asamūhato.Tamenaṁ rajako sāmikānaṁ deti. Tamenaṁ sāmikā gandhaparibhāvite karaṇḍake nikkhipanti. Yopissa hoti
anusahagato ūsagandho vā khāragandho vā gomayagandho vā asamūhato, sopi samugghātaṁ gacchati.
| vattha 1.1 | (nt) cloth; clothes; robe [√vas + ta] nt |
| saṅkiliṭṭha | (pp) tarnished; defiled; tainted; corrupted; impure; dirty [saṁ + √kilis + ta] |
| malaggahita 1 | (adj) stained; dirtied [mala + gahita] adj, comp |
| tamenaṁ | (sandhi) that one; him; her; that thing; that person [taṁ + enaṁ] sandhi, pron + pron |
| sāmika 1 | (masc) owner [sāmī + ka] masc, from sāmī |
| rajaka 2 | (masc) laundryman; dyer [√raj + aka] masc, agent, from rajati |
| anupadajjā | (opt) would give (to); would hand over (to) opt of anuppadāti, irreg |
| ūsa | (masc) saline cleaning salt; (comm) potash masc |
| khāra | (masc) lye; potash; alkaline soda; caustic masc |
| gomaya | (nt) cowdung; cowpat [go + maya] nt, comp |
| sammadditvā 1 | (abs) having scoured; having scrubbed together; [saṁ + √madd + itvā] |
| accha 1.1 | (adj) clean; clear; transparent [na > a + √chad + a] adj, from na chādeti |
| udaka 1.1 | (nt) water [√ud + aka] nt |
| vikkhāleti 1 | (pr) washes off (in); rinses off (in) [vi + khāle + ti] pr |
| parisuddha 1 | (pp) clean; pure; bright; perfect [pari + √sudh + ta] pp of parisujjhati |
| pariyodāta 1 | (pp) pure; clean; shiny; bright [pari + [y] + ava + √dā + ta] pp of pariyodāyati |
| yeva | (sandhi) only; just; merely; exclusively [[y] + eva] sandhi, letter + ind |
| deti 1 | (pr) gives (to); donates (to); offers (to); hands (to) [de + ti] pr |
| gandhaparibhāvita | (adj) scent-infused; pervaded with perfume [gandha + paribhāvita] adj, comp |
| karaṇḍaka | (masc) wicker basket; wicker box [karaṇḍa + ka] masc, from karaṇḍa |
| nikkhipati 3 | (pr) sets aside; lays aside; keeps; saves; stores (something in) [ni + khipa + ti] pr |
Evameva kho, āvuso, kiñcāpi ariyasāvakassa ... Tassa imesu pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu udayabbayānupassino
viharato yopissa hoti pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu anusahagato 'asmī'ti, māno 'asmī'ti, chando 'asmī'ti anusayo
asamūhato, sopi samugghātaṁ gacchatī"ti.Evaṁ vutte, therā bhikkhū āyasmantaṁ khemakaṁ etadavocuṁ: "Na kho mayaṁ āyasmantaṁ khemakaṁ
vihesāpekhā pucchimha, api cāyasmā khemako pahosi tassa bhagavato sāsanaṁ
vitthārena ācikkhituṁ desetuṁ paññāpetuṁ paṭṭhapetuṁ vivarituṁ vibhajituṁ uttānīkātuṁ.
| vihesāpekha | (adj) wanting to trouble; wishing to annoy; looking to irritate [vihesā + apekha] adj, comp |
| pucchi | (aor) asked; enquired; questioned (somebody about) [√pucch + i] aor of pucchati |
| pahoti 2 | (pr) is able (to); is capable (of); is qualified (to) [pa + ho + ti] pr |
| tassa 1 | (pron) to him; for him; to that; for that [ta + ssa] pron, masc & nt dat sg of ta |
| vitthārena 1 | (ind) in detail; in full; thoroughly [vitthāra + ena] |
| ācikkhituṁ | (inf) to explain; to describe; to demonstrate [ā + √cikkh + ituṁ] inf of ācikkhati |
| desetuṁ | (inf) to preach (to); to teach (to); to explain (to) [dese + tuṁ] inf of deseti |
| paññāpetuṁ | (inf) to define; to delineate; to describe [pa + ñāpe + tuṁ] inf of paññāpeti |
| paṭṭhapetuṁ | (inf) to exposit; to set forth; to put forward; to lay down [pa + ṭhape + tuṁ] inf of paṭṭhapeti |
| vivarituṁ | (inf) to clarify; to clear up; to elucidate [vi + √var + ituṁ] inf of vivarati |
| vibhajituṁ 2 | (inf) to analyse; to classify; to parse; to dissect [vi + √bhaj + ituṁ] inf of vibhajati |
| uttānīkātuṁ | (inf) to reveal; to lay open; to make plain [uttāna > uttānī + kātuṁ] inf of uttānīkaroti |
Tayidaṁ āyasmatā khemakena tassa bhagavato sāsanaṁ vitthārena ācikkhitaṁ desitaṁ paññāpitaṁ
paṭṭhapitaṁ vivaritaṁ vibhajitaṁ uttānīkatan"ti.Idamavoca āyasmā khemako. Attamanā therā bhikkhū āyasmato khemakassa bhāsitaṁ abhinanduṁ.
Imasmiñca pana veyyākaraṇasmiṁ bhaññamāne saṭṭhimattānaṁ therānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ anupādāya
āsavehi cittāni vimucciṁsu, āyasmato khemakassa cāti.
| tayidaṁ | (sandhi) that so; that like this; exactly that [ta + [y] + idaṁ] sandhi, pron + adv |
| idamavoca | (sandhi) one said this (to) [idaṁ + avoca] sandhi, pron + aor |
| attamana | (adj) pleased; happy; delighted; elated [atta + mana] adj, comp |
| bhāsita 1 | (nt) saying; speech; statement; utterance; talk; words [√bhās + ita] nt, pp of bhāsati |
| abhinandi 1 | (aor) delighted (in); was pleased (with); approved (of); [abhi + √nand + i] |
| imasmiñca 2 | (sandhi) and when this [imasmiṁ + ca] sandhi, pron + ind |
| veyyākaraṇa | (nt) detailed exposition; one of the nine kinds of suttas nt, from vyākaraṇa |
| bhaññamāna | (prp) being spoken; being told; being mentioned [bhañña + māna] prp of bhaññati |
| saṭṭhimatta | (adj) sixty in number [saṭṭhi + matta] adj, comp |
| anupādāya | (ger) not holding (onto); not grasping (onto); [an + upādāya] ger of na upādiyati |
| āsava 1.2 | (masc) outflow; effluent; (comm) defilement [ā + √su > sav + *a] |
| citta 1.1 | (nt) mind; heart [√cit + ta] nt, from ceteti |
| vimucci | (aor) became free (from); was released (from); was liberated (from) [vi + mucca + i] |