2026-07-01
Pāli language review
Pronouns: nominative, genitive
ahaṁ; tvaṁ; so, sā
mayaṁ, no; tumhe; te
me; te; tassa
Interrogatives: ko; kiṁ; katama; kuhiṁ; kattha; kuto; kacci; kati; kinti
Present → Future → Past (Aorist)
√dhāv → dhāvāmi → dhāvissāmi → adhāviṁ; dhāvati → dhāvissati → adhāvi
√des → desemi → desissāmi → desesiṁ; deseti → desissati → desesi
√hū → hoti → (bhavissati) → ahosi (irreg.)
√as → atthi → (bhavissati) → āsi (irreg.)
√kar → karoti → karissati → akāsi (irreg.)
Greetings
(J - junior, S - senior)
J: Suppabhātaṁ bhante.
S: Kiṁ nāmo si? J: Ahaṁ bhante ... nāma.
S: Ko nāma te upajjhāyo? J: Upajjhāyo me bhante āyasmā ... nāma.
J: Kacci te bhante khamanīyaṁ, kacci yāpanīyaṁ?
S: (Ahaṁ) Khamanīyaṁ, āvuso, yāpanīyaṁ. / Na me, āvuso, khamanīyaṁ.
S: Kativasso'si tvaṁ? J: Ahaṁ pañca-vasso'mhi.
J: Bhante idha āgacchatha, idha nisīdatha.
J: Sace bhante icchatha, tattha nisīdeyyātha. (S: Sace tvaṁ icchasi, tattha nisīdeyyāsi.)
Passive: Ākaṅkhamānena, tattha nisīditabbaṁ.
J: Kuto ca bhante āgacchatha? (S: Kuto tvaṁ āgacchasi?)
J: Bhante kuto āgacchatha? Kattha vasatha / viharatha? Kattha tumhākaṁ vihāro?
S: Atthi, āvuso, Portugal-dese Sumedhārāma-vihāro nāma. Tato ahaṁ, āvuso, āgacchāmi.
Kacci te utu phāsu? Kacci devo vassati?
Ajja uṇhaṁ. Ajja uṇho utu samayo. Ajja sītaṁ. Ajja sīto utu samayo.
Ajja vāto vāyati. Ajja vātavā utu.
J: Handa dāni mayaṁ gacchāma.
S: Kuhiṁ āvuso gacchasi?
J: Suve pubbaṇhasamayaṁ Ericeira-nagaraṁ / -nigamaṁ piṇḍāya pavisissāmi.
S: Evaṁ āvuso. Yassadāni tvaṁ kālaṁ maññasi. J: Suve suve.
Ud 5.6 Soṇasutta
"Kacci, bhikkhu, khamanīyaṁ, kacci yāpanīyaṁ, kaccisi appakilamathena addhānaṁ āgato, na ca piṇḍakena kilantosī"ti?
| Good morning (daybreak) Ven. Sir! | Suppabhātaṁ bhante. |
| Good morning everyone. | Suppabhātaṁ sabbesaṁ. |
| good midday | sumajjhanhika [su + majjha + anha + ika] |
| good evening | susāyanha [su + sāya + anha] |
| morning-time | pubbaṇhasamaya (m.) |
| day-time | majjhanhikasamaya (m.) |
| evening-time | sāyanhasamaya (m.) |
| Thank you. | Anumodāmi. |
| (See you) tomorrow. | Suve. |
| (Sorry,) I'll make amends. | Paṭikarissāmi. |
| remorse; regret; lit. remembering back negatively | vippaṭisāra (m.) |
| (Sorry, I have) regret. | Vippaṭisāraṁ. |
| (I feel) sorry. (for your situation) | Kāruññaṁ. |
| Yes. | Āma / Evaṁ bhante. |
| No. | No hetaṁ, bhante. |
| Never mind (leave it aside). | Tiṭṭhatu, bhante. |
| It is hot today. | Ajj'āccuṇhaṁ. [ajja (ind.) + ati + uṇha] |
| It is cold today. | Ajj'ātisītaṁ. |
| Excuse me! | Okāsa, bhante. |
| Welcome here. | Svāgataṁ. |
| Please sit. | Nisīdatha. |
| Wait (stay) here. | Ettheva tiṭṭha. |
| Why is that? Of what cause? | Taṁ kissa hetu? |
| On (your) birthday, may you be happy! | Jātadivase sukhī hohi! |
| How? | kinti (ind.) |
| I (we) must go. | Handa dāni mayaṁ gacchāma. |
| Go at your convenience. | Yassadāni tvaṁ kālaṁ maññasi. |
Daily Routine
Ahaṁ rattiyā paccūsasamayaṁ paccuṭṭhāya nisinno ahosiṁ cittaṁ upaṭṭhapesiṁ.
Atha kho nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya Ericeira-nagaraṁ piṇḍāya pāvisiṁ.
| ratti | (fem) night fem, irreg |
| paccūsasamayaṁ | (ind) before dawn; early in the morning |
| paccuṭṭhāya | (ger) rising; getting out of bed ger of paccuṭṭhāti |
| upaṭṭhapesi | (aor) prepared; set up; readied; stationed aor of upaṭṭhapeti |
| nivāsetvā | (abs) having dressed up (in); having robed up; abs of nivāseti |
| pattacīvaramādāya | (sandhi) taking one's bowl and robe [pattaṁ + cīvaraṁ + ādāya] |
| nagara 1 | (nt) town; city nt |
| pāvisi | (aor) entered; went (somewhere for) [pa + a + √vis + i] aor of pavisati |
Ericeira-nagare piṇḍāya caritvā, khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ sahatthā paṭiggahetvā,
piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto, taṁ bhattaṁ bhikkhūhi / saṅghena saddhiṁ saṁvibhajiṁ.
| caritvā 1.1 | (abs) having walked; having wandered [√car + itvā] abs of carati |
| sahatthā | (ind) with one's own hand; by oneself [sa + hattha + ā] |
| paṭiggahetvā 1 | (abs) having taken [pati + gahe + tvā] abs of paṭiggaṇhāti |
| paṭikkanta 1 | (pp) returned; come back (from) [pati + √kam + ta] pp of paṭikkamati |
| saṁvibhaji | (aor) divided; distributed; shared; apportioned [saṁ + vi + √bhaj + i] |
Upāsakā upāsikāyo ārāme gantvā, paṇītaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyādāpetvā
saṅghassa kālaṁ ārocāpesuṁ: "Kālo, bhante, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan"ti.
| gantvā 1 | (abs) having gone; having travelled (to) [√gam + tvā] |
| paṇīta 1 | (pp) (of food) fine; delicious; excellent [pa + √nī + ta] |
| paṭiyādāpetvā | (abs) having organised; having had prepared [pati + yādāpe + tvā] |
| kāla 1.1 | (masc) time; occasion (for) [√kal > kāl + *a] |
| ārocāpesi 1 | (aor) had (something) announced (to); had (something) told (to) aor of ārocāpeti |
| niṭṭhita 1 | (pp) finished; completed; accomplished [ni + √ṭhā + ita] |
Atha kho upāsakā upāsikāyo saṅghaṁ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena
sahatthā santappesuṁ sampavāresuṁ. (aor.3rd.sg.: santappesi sampavāresi)
| santappesi | (aor) pleased; satisfied; satiated; fulfilled [saṁ + tappe + si] |
| sampavāresi | (aor) satisfied; satiated; fulfilled [saṁ + pa + vāre + si] |
Pacchābhattaṁ bhuttāviṁ onītapattapāṇiṁ uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmiṁ.
Dantakaṭṭhaṁ khāditvā, yena nadī tenupasaṅkamiṁ gattāni parisiñcituṁ.
Parisiñcitvā, kuṭiṁ paccāgacchiṁ divāvihārāya.
| pacchābhattaṁ | (ind) after eating; after the meal; [pacchā + bhatta + aṁ] |
| bhuttāvī 1 | (adj) who has eaten; after the meal adj, app of bhuñjati |
| onīta | (pp) removed; taken down; lowered [ava + √nī + ta] pp of ava √nī |
| pāṇi 1 | (masc) hand; palm masc |
| uṭṭhāyāsanā | (ger) rising from one's seat [uṭṭhāya + āsanā] |
| pakkāmi 1 | (aor) left; set off; went away (from) aor of pakkamati |
| dantakaṭṭha | (nt) tooth stick [danta + kaṭṭha] |
| khāditvā | (abs) having chewed; having eaten [√khād + itvā] abs of khādati |
| nadī 1 | (fem) river [√nad + ī] |
| gatta 1 | (nt) (of the body) limb [√gam + tta] nt, from gacchati |
| parisiñcituṁ | (inf) to bathe; to soak [pari + siñca + ituṁ] inf of parisiñcati |
| divāvihāra 1 | (masc) meditation place for the day [divā + vihāra] |