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2026-07-29

Mv.III.1.1 Vassūpanāyikānujānanā

(SC, dhammatalks.org)

The Allowance for Entering for the Rains

Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ vassāvāso apaññatto hoti. Tedha bhikkhū hemantampi gimhampi vassampi cārikaṁ caranti. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti--- "kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā hemantampi gimhampi vassampi cārikaṁ carissanti, haritāni tiṇāni sammaddantā, ekindriyaṁ jīvaṁ viheṭhentā, bahū khuddake pāṇe saṅghātaṁ āpādentā.

samaya 1.1 (masc) time; occasion [saṁ + √i > ay + *a] masc, from sameti
veḷuvana (nt) name of a park outside Rājagaha [veḷu + vana] nt, comp
apaññatta 1 (pp) (of a rule) not formulated; not declared [na > a + pa + ñāpe + ta] pp of na paññāpeti
tedha (sandhi) they here; they this [te + idha] sandhi, pron + ind
cārikā (fem) walking tour; walking journey [√car > cār + *ikā] fem, from carati
carati 1.1 (pr) walks; wanders; goes around; travels; fares on [cara + ti] pr
manussa (masc) human being; man; person [manu + ssa] masc, from manu
ujjhāyati (pr) finds fault; looks down upon; thinks badly of [ava > o > u + jhāya + ti] pr
khiyyati (pr) criticizes; complains (about) [khiyya + ti] pr, from khayati
vipāceti (pr) spreads about; circulates; discusses widely [vi + pāce + ti] pr, caus of vi √vac
kathañhi (sandhi) how indeed!?; why indeed!? [kathaṁ + hi] sandhi, adv + ind, interr
harita 1.1 (adj) green; fresh [hari + ta] adj, from hari
tiṇa 1 (nt) grass; straw nt
sammaddanta (prp) trampling; crushing; destroying [saṁ + madda + nta] prp of sammaddati
ekindriya (adj) with a single sense faculty; (comm) only with a sense of touch [eka + indriya] adj, comp
jīva 1 (nt) soul; life force [√jīv + a] nt, from jīvati
viheṭhenta (prp) harming; troubling; disturbing [vi + heṭhe + nta] prp of viheṭheti
bahu (adj) many; much; lots; a lot (of); great; large [√bah + u] adj
khuddaka 1 (adj) small; minute; tiny [khudda + ka] adj, from khudda
pāṇa 3 (masc) being; living being [pa + √an + a] masc
saṅghāta 1.2 (masc) slaughter; murder; killing; destruction [saṁ + √ghaṭ > ghāt + *a] masc
āpādenta (prp) (of something bad) causing; effecting; producing [ā + pāde + nta] prp of āpādeti

Ime hi nāma aññatitthiyā durakkhātadhammā vassāvāsaṁ allīyissanti saṅkasāyissanti. Ime hi nāma sakuntakā rukkhaggesu kulāvakāni karitvā vassāvāsaṁ allīyissanti saṅkasāyissanti. Ime pana samaṇā sakyaputtiyā hemantampi gimhampi vassampi cārikaṁ caranti, haritāni tiṇāni sammaddantā, ekindriyaṁ jīvaṁ viheṭhentā, bahū khuddake pāṇe saṅghātaṁ āpādentā"ti.

aññatitthiya (adj) who belongs to another sect; who follows another religion [añña + titthiya] adj, comp
durakkhātadhamma (adj) with poorly explained doctrines; having flawed teachings [durakkhāta + dhamma] adj, comp
allīyati (pr) sticks; clings; adheres; attaches (to) [ā + līya + ti] pr
saṅkasāyati (pr) sits frozen [?? saṁ + kasāya + ti] pr
sakuntaka (masc) little bird; small bird [sakuṇa > sakunta + ka] masc, dimin of sakunta
rukkhagga (nt) top of a tree [rukkha + agga] nt, comp
kulāvaka 2 (nt) nest [√kul + āva + ka], [kulāva + ka] nt, dimin of kulāva
karitvā 3 (abs) having built; having constructed [√kar + itvā] abs of karoti

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi---

assosuṁ (aor) they heard [a + so + suṁ] aor 3rd pl of assosi
tesaṁ 3 (pron) when they; when these [ta + esānaṁ > esaṁ] pron, masc & nt gen pl of ta, gen abs
ujjhāyanta (prp) finding fault; thinking badly of [ava > o > u + jhāya + nta] prp of ujjhāyati
khiyyanta (prp) criticizing; complaining (about); bringing down [khiyya + nta] prp of khiyyati
vipācenta (prp) spreading about; circulating; discussing widely [vi + pāce + nta] prp of vipāceti
bhagavato 1 (masc) to the Buddha; for the Buddha [bhagavant + to] masc, dat sg of bhagavant
etamatthaṁ 2 (sandhi) this matter; this case; this affair [etaṁ + atthaṁ] sandhi, pron + masc
ārocesi 1 (aor) told; informed; explained (to) [ā + roce + si] aor of āroceti
etasmiṁ (pron) in this; in this person [eta + asmiṁ] pron, masc & nt loc sg of eta
nidāna 4 (nt) background story; narrative setting; introductory tale [ni + √dā + ana] nt
pakaraṇa 1 (nt) affair; occasion; event [pa + √kar + aṇa] nt, from pakubbati
dhammī 1 (adj) righteous; religious; moral; related to the Dhamma [dhamma + ī] adj, from dhamma
kathā 1 (fem) talk; speech; conversation; discussion [√kath + ā] fem, from katheti
katvā 1 (abs) having done [√kar + tvā] abs of karoti
āmantesi (aor) addressed; said (to); advised [ā + mante + si] aor of āmanteti

"anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vassaṁ upagantun"ti.

anujānāti 1 (pr) allows; permits; grants permission (to) [anu + jānā + ti] pr
vassa 1.5 (masc) rains retreat; three month retreat for monastics [√vass + a] masc, from vassati
upagantuṁ 2 (inf) to enter [upa + √gam + tuṁ] inf of upagacchati

Atha kho bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi--- "kadā nu kho vassaṁ upagantabban"ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.

etadahosi (sandhi) this (thought) occurred (to) [etad + ahosi] sandhi, pron + aor
kadā (ind) when? [ka + dā] ind, adv, interr, from ka
nu (ind) (adds a question mark) surely?; didn't?; wouldn't?; which? ind, interr
upagantabba 1 (ptp) (of the rains retreat) should be entered; should be undertaken [upa + √gam + tabba] ptp of upagacchati

"Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, vassāne vassaṁ upagantun"ti.

vassāna (masc) monsoon; rainy season [√vass + āna] masc, from prp of vassati

Atha kho bhikkhūnaṁ etadahosi--- "kati nu kho vassūpanāyikā"ti? Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.

kati (pron) how many? [ka + ti] pron, interr
vassūpanāyikā (fem) (vinaya) rains retreat entry [vassa + upanāyika + ā], [vassūpanāyika + ā] fem, comp

"Dvemā, bhikkhave, vassūpanāyikā--- purimikā, pacchimikā. Aparajjugatāya āsāḷhiyā purimikā upagantabbā, māsagatāya āsāḷhiyā pacchimikā upagantabbā--- imā kho, bhikkhave, dve vassūpanāyikā"ti.

dvemā (sandhi) these two [dve + imā] sandhi, card + pron
vassūpanāyikā (fem) (vinaya) rains retreat entry [vassa + upanāyika + ā], [vassūpanāyika + ā] fem, comp
purimaka (adj) earlier; past; former; previous [pura + ima + ka], [purima + ka] adj, compar of purima
pacchimaka 3 (adj) later [paccha + ima + ka], [pacchima + ka] adj, comp
aparajjugata (adj) which occurred on the previous day adj
āsāḷhi (fem) full-moon day in the month āsāḷha; the month āsāḷha fem
māsagata (adj) after one month [māsa + gata] adj, comp
imā (pron) these [ima + ā] pron, fem nom pl of ima

Mv.III.3.1 Vassānecārikāpaṭikkhepādi

The Prohibition against Going on Tour during the Rains

Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū vassaṁ upagantvā antarāvassaṁ cārikaṁ caranti. Manussā tatheva ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti--- "kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā hemantampi gimhampi vassampi cārikaṁ carissanti, haritāni tiṇāni sammaddantā, ekindriyaṁ jīvaṁ viheṭhentā, bahū khuddake pāṇe saṅghātaṁ āpādentā. Ime hi nāma aññatitthiyā durakkhātadhammā vassāvāsaṁ allīyissanti saṅkasāyissanti. Ime hi nāma sakuntakā rukkhaggesu kulāvakāni karitvā vassāvāsaṁ allīyissanti saṅkasāyissanti. Ime pana samaṇā sakyaputtiyā hemantampi gimhampi vassampi cārikaṁ caranti, haritāni tiṇāni sammaddantā, ekindriyaṁ jīvaṁ viheṭhentā, bahū khuddake pāṇe saṅghātaṁ āpādentā"ti.

samaya 1.1 (masc) time; occasion [saṁ + √i > ay + *a] masc, from sameti
chabbaggiya (adj) belonging to the group of six [chaḷ + vagga + iya], [chabbagga + iya] adj, comp
bhikkhu (masc) monk; monastic; mendicant; fully ordained monk [√bhikkh + u] masc, from bhikkhati
vassa 1.5 (masc) rains retreat; three month retreat for monastics [√vass + a] masc, from vassati
upagantvā 3 (abs) having attained; having entered a state; having become [upa + √gam + tvā] abs of upagacchati
antarāvassaṁ (ind) during the rains residence; in the middle of the rainy season retreat [antarā + vassa + aṁ], [antarāvassa + aṁ] ind, adv, comp
cārikā (fem) walking tour; walking journey [√car > cār + *ikā] fem, from carati
carati 1.1 (pr) walks; wanders; goes around; travels; fares on [cara + ti] pr
manussa (masc) human being; man; person [manu + ssa] masc, from manu
tatheva 1 (sandhi) likewise; in the same way; as it is; as they are; similarly [tathā + eva] sandhi, adv + ind
ujjhāyati (pr) finds fault; looks down upon; thinks badly of [ava > o > u + jhāya + ti] pr
khiyyati (pr) criticizes; complains (about) [khiyya + ti] pr, from khayati
vipāceti (pr) spreads about; circulates; discusses widely [vi + pāce + ti] pr, caus of vi √vac
kathañhi (sandhi) how indeed!?; why indeed!? [kathaṁ + hi] sandhi, adv + ind, interr
nāma 1 (ind) certainly; truly; for sure ind, emph
samaṇa 1 (masc) ascetic; renunciant; holy man; monk; recluse [√sam + aṇa] masc
sakyaputtiya (adj) Buddhist; following the Sakyan [sakya + putta + iya], [sakyaputta + iya] adj, comp, from sakyaputta
hemanta (masc) winter; cold season [hima > hema + anta + *a], [himanta + *a] masc, comp, from himanta
gimha (masc) heat; warmth masc
harita 1.1 (adj) green; fresh [hari + ta] adj, from hari
tiṇa 1 (nt) grass; straw nt
sammaddanta (prp) trampling; crushing; destroying [saṁ + madda + nta] prp of sammaddati
ekindriya (adj) with a single sense faculty; having one sense; (comm) only with a sense of touch [eka + indriya] adj, comp
jīva 1 (nt) soul; life force [√jīv + a] nt, from jīvati
viheṭhenta (prp) harming; troubling; disturbing [vi + heṭhe + nta] prp of viheṭheti
bahu (adj) many; much; lots; a lot (of); great; large [√bah + u] adj
khuddaka 1 (adj) small; minute; tiny [khudda + ka] adj, from khudda
pāṇa 3 (masc) being; living being [pa + √an + a] masc
saṅghāta 1.2 (masc) slaughter; murder; killing; destruction [saṁ + √ghaṭ > ghāt + *a] masc
āpādenta (prp) (of something bad) causing; effecting; producing [ā + pāde + nta] prp of āpādeti
ime (pron) these [ima + e] pron, masc nom & acc pl of ima
aññatitthiya (adj) who belongs to another sect; who follows another religion [añña + titthiya] adj, comp
durakkhātadhamma (adj) with poorly explained doctrines; having flawed teachings [durakkhāta + dhamma] adj, comp
vassāvāsa (masc) time of the rains retreat; residence for the rainy season [vassa + āvāsa] masc, comp
allīyati (pr) sticks; clings; adheres; attaches (to) [ā + līya + ti] pr
saṅkasāyati (pr) sits frozen [?? saṁ + kasāya + ti] pr
sakuntaka (masc) little bird; small bird [sakuṇa > sakunta + ka] masc, dimin of sakunta
rukkhagga (nt) top of a tree [rukkha + agga] nt, comp
kulāvaka 2 (nt) nest [√kul + āva + ka], [kulāva + ka] nt, dimin of kulāva
karitvā 3 (abs) having built; having constructed [√kar + itvā] abs of karoti

Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā ...pe... te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti--- "kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū vassaṁ upagantvā antarāvassaṁ cārikaṁ carissantī"ti? Atha kho te bhikkhū bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ ...pe... atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi---

assosuṁ (aor) they heard [a + so + suṁ] aor 3rd pl of assosi
tesaṁ 3 (pron) when they; when these [ta + esānaṁ > esaṁ] pron, masc & nt gen pl of ta, gen abs
ujjhāyanta (prp) finding fault; thinking badly of [ava > o > u + jhāya + nta] prp of ujjhāyati
khiyyanta (prp) criticizing; complaining (about); bringing down [khiyya + nta] prp of khiyyati
vipācenta (prp) spreading about; circulating; discussing widely [vi + pāce + nta] prp of vipāceti
ye 1 (pron) whoever; whatever; whichever; those who [ya + e] pron, masc & nt nom pl of ya
appiccha (adj) with few wishes; wanting little; having few needs; modest [appa + icchā + a], [appicchā + a] adj, comp
pa 4.1 (letter) (gram) letter p; 29th letter of the alphabet; labial consonant letter, masc
bhagavato 1 (masc) to the Buddha; for the Buddha [√bhaj > bhag + a + vant + to], [bhagavant + to] masc, dat sg of bhagavant
etamatthaṁ 2 (sandhi) this matter; this case; this affair [etaṁ + atthaṁ] sandhi, pron + masc
ārocesi 1 (aor) told; informed; explained (to) [ā + roce + si] aor of āroceti
etasmiṁ (pron) in this; in this person [eta + asmiṁ] pron, masc & nt loc sg of eta
nidāna 1 (nt) source; origin; foundation; cause; reason [ni + √dā + ana] nt
pakaraṇa 1 (nt) affair; occasion; event [pa + √kar + aṇa] nt, from pakubbati
dhammī 1 (adj) righteous; religious; moral; related to the Dhamma [√dhar + ma + ī], [dhamma + ī] adj, from dhamma
kathā 1 (fem) talk; speech; conversation; discussion [√kath + ā] fem, from katheti
katvā 1 (abs) having done [√kar + tvā] abs of karoti
āmantesi (aor) addressed; said (to); advised [ā + mante + si] aor of āmanteti

"na, bhikkhave, vassaṁ upagantvā purimaṁ vā temāsaṁ pacchimaṁ vā temāsaṁ avasitvā cārikā pakkamitabbā. Yo pakkameyya, āpatti dukkaṭassā"ti.

purima 1 (adj) earlier; past; former; previous [pura + ima] adj, compar of pura
temāsa (nt) period of three months [ti > te + māsa + *a], [timāsa + *a] nt, comp
pacchima 1 (adj) last; final [pacchā + ima] adj, superl of pacchā
avasitvā (abs) having not lived; having not stayed abs
cārikā (fem) walking tour; walking journey [√car > cār + *ikā] fem, from carati
pakkamitabba 2 (ptp) should leave; should depart (from) [pa + √kam + itabba] ptp of pakkamati
pakkamati 1 (pr) goes; goes away; leaves (from) [pa + kama + ti] pr
āpatti 2 (fem) (vinaya) offence; wrongdoing; transgression [ā + √pad + ti] fem, abstr, from āpajjati
dukkaṭa 3 (nt) class of vinaya offence; wrong-doing [dur + √kar + ta] nt, from kaṭa