2026-10-14
Etymology of cīvara
Ud 1.10 Bāhiyasutta
Evaṁ me sutaṁ --- ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme.
Tena kho pana samayena bāhiyo dārucīriyo suppārake paṭivasati samuddatīre sakkato garukato
mānito pūjito apacito lābhī cīvara-piṇḍapāta-senāsana-gilānapaccaya-bhesajja-parikkhārānaṁ.Atha kho bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa rahogatassa paṭisallīnassa evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi:
"ye kho keci loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṁ vā samāpannā, ahaṁ tesaṁ aññataro"ti.
| bahi 1 | (ind) externally; outwardly; outside (of) [√bah + i] ind, prep |
| dāru | (nt) wood; plank; timber [√dar > dār + *u] nt, from darati |
| cīra | (nt) bark fibre; bark cloth nt |
| suppāraka | (nt) name of western seaport; modern day Nala Sopara nt, comp |
| paṭivasati | (pr) lives (in); resides (at); stays (at) [pati + vasa + ti] pr |
| samuddatīra | (nt) sea shore; beach; coast; ocean shore [samudda + tīra] nt, comp |
| sakkata 1 | (pp) honoured; esteemed; respected (by) [sat + kata] pp of sakkaroti, comp vb |
| lābhī | (adj) who gains; who gets; who has [√labh > lābh + *ī] adj, from labhati |
| rahogata | (adj) in private; alone; gone into seclusion [raho + gata] adj, comp |
| paṭisallīna | (pp) secluded; retired; withdrawn into seclusion; [pati + saṁ + √lī + na] pp of paṭisallīyati |
| ye 1 | (pron) whoever; whatever; whichever; those who [ya + e] pron, masc & nt nom pl of ya |
| keci 1 | (pron) whoever; whatever; whichever; some; any [ka + e + ci], [ke + ci] pron, masc nom pl of kaci |
| samāpanna 1 | (pp) entered; reached; attained; achieved [saṁ + ā + √pad + na] pp of samāpajjati |
| tesaṁ 2 | (pron) their; of these; of them; of those [ta + esānaṁ > esaṁ] pron, masc & nt gen pl of ta |
| aññatara 2 | (pron) one; either one (of) [añña + tara] pron, from añña |
Atha kho bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa purāṇasālohitā devatā anukampikā atthakāmā bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa
cetasā cetoparivitakkamaññāya yena bāhiyo dārucīriyo tenupasaṅkami;upasaṅkamitvā bāhiyaṁ dārucīriyaṁ etadavoca:
"neva kho tvaṁ, bāhiya, arahā, nāpi arahattamaggaṁ vā samāpanno.
Sāpi te paṭipadā natthi yāya tvaṁ arahā vā assa arahattamaggaṁ vā samāpanno"ti."Atha ke carahi sadevake loke arahanto vā arahattamaggaṁ vā samāpannā"ti?
"Atthi, bāhiya, uttaresu janapadesu sāvatthī nāma nagaraṁ.
Tattha so bhagavā etarahi viharati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho.
So hi, bāhiya, bhagavā arahā ceva arahattāya ca dhammaṁ desetī"ti.
| purāṇasālohita | (adj) who was a former blood-relative; [purāṇa + sālohita] adj, comp |
| atthakāma | (adj) wishing well (to); desiring good (for) [attha + kāma] adj, comp |
| cetoparivitakkamaññāya | (ger) knowing, understanding train of thought [ceto + parivitakkaṁ + aññāya] |
| uttara 2.02 | (adj) northern; north [ud + tara] adj, compar of ud |
| janapada | (masc) country; province; land; area; location [jana + pada] masc, comp |
| etarahi | (ind) now; at present [eta + [r] + ahi] ind, adv, comp |
Atha kho bāhiyo dārucīriyo tāya devatāya saṁvejito tāvadeva suppārakamhā pakkāmi.
Sabbattha ekarattiparivāsena yena sāvatthī jetavanaṁ anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāmo tenupasaṅkami.
Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā bhikkhū abbhokāse caṅkamanti.Atha kho bāhiyo dārucīriyo yena te bhikkhū tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā te bhikkhū etadavoca:
"kahaṁ nu kho, bhante, etarahi bhagavā viharati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho?
Dassanakāmamhā mayaṁ taṁ bhagavantaṁ arahantaṁ sammāsambuddhan"ti.
"Antaragharaṁ paviṭṭho kho, bāhiya, bhagavā piṇḍāyā"ti.
| tāya 1 | (pron) by her; with her; with that [ta + āya] pron, fem instr sg of ta |
| saṁvejita | (pp) stirred; alarmed; frightened; agitated; awestricken [saṁ + veje + ita] pp of saṁvejeti |
| tāvadeva 1 | (sandhi) right then; that very instant; instantly; immediately [tāva + [d] + eva] |
| pakkāmi 1 | (aor) left; set off; went away (from) [pa + a + √kam > kām + i] aor of pakkamati |
| ekarattiparivāsa 1 | (adj) (of a journey) staying / completing in one night [ekaratti + parivāsa] adj, comp |
| abbhokāsa | (masc) open space; open air; wide open space masc, from okāsa |
| caṅkamati 1 | (pr) walks up and down; walks in meditation [caṅkama + ti] pr, intens of kamati |
| kahaṁ | (ind) where? [ka + haṁ] ind, adv, interr, from ka |
| dassanakāmamhā | (sandhi) we wish to see; we want to meet [dassana + kāma + amhā] |
| paviṭṭha 1 | (pp) entered; gone (into) [pa + √vis + ta] pp of pavisati |
Atha kho bāhiyo dārucīriyo taramānarūpo jetavanā nikkhamitvā sāvatthiṁ pavisitvā
addasa bhagavantaṁ sāvatthiyaṁ piṇḍāya carantaṁ pāsādikaṁ pasādanīyaṁ
santindriyaṁ santamānasaṁ uttamadamathasamathamanuppattaṁ dantaṁ guttaṁ yatindriyaṁ nāgaṁ.Disvāna yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato pāde sirasā nipatitvā bhagavantaṁ etadavoca:
"desetu me, bhante, bhagavā dhammaṁ; desetu sugato dhammaṁ, yaṁ mamassa dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāyā"ti.
Evaṁ vutte, bhagavā bāhiyaṁ dārucīriyaṁ etadavoca: "akālo kho tāva, bāhiya, antaragharaṁ paviṭṭhamhā piṇḍāyā"ti.
Dutiyampi kho bāhiyo dārucīriyo bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: "dujjānaṁ kho panetaṁ, bhante, bhagavato vā jīvitantarāyānaṁ, mayhaṁ vā jīvitantarāyānaṁ. Desetu me, bhante, bhagavā dhammaṁ; desetu sugato dhammaṁ, yaṁ mamassa dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāyā"ti.
Dutiyampi kho bhagavā bāhiyaṁ dārucīriyaṁ etadavoca: "akālo kho tāva, bāhiya, antaragharaṁ paviṭṭhamhā piṇḍāyā"ti.
Tatiyampi kho bāhiyo ... mamassa dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāyā"ti.
| taramānarūpa | (adj) in a great hurry; hurrying quickly [taramāna + rūpa] |
| addasa 1 | (aor) saw [a + dasa + a] aor of √dis |
| danta 2.1 | (pp) tamed; trained; mastered; (comm) meek [√dam + ta] pp of dammati |
| gutta | (pp) guarded; protected; kept watch (over) [√gup + ta] pp of gopeti |
| yatindriya | (adj) mentally controlled; with restrained senses [yata + indriya] adj, comp |
| sirasā | (masc) with the head [siras + ā] masc, instr sg of siras, mano group |
| nipatitvā | (abs) having fallen down; having gone down (at) [ni + √pat + itvā] abs of nipatati |
| mamassa | (sandhi) it could be my; it would be for me [mama + assa] pron + opt |
| dujjāna | (adj) hard to know; not easy to know [dur + jānā + a] adj, from jāna |
| jīvitantarāya | (masc) danger to the life (of); fatal accident (for) [jīvita + antarāya] masc, comp |
"Tasmātiha te, bāhiya, evaṁ sikkhitabbaṁ:
'diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṁ bhavissati, sute sutamattaṁ bhavissati, mute mutamattaṁ bhavissati, viññāte viññātamattaṁ bhavissatī'ti. Evañhi te, bāhiya, sikkhitabbaṁ.
Yato kho te, bāhiya, diṭṭhe diṭṭhamattaṁ bhavissati, sute sutamattaṁ bhavissati, mute mutamattaṁ bhavissati, viññāte viññātamattaṁ bhavissati,
tato tvaṁ, bāhiya, na tena. Yato tvaṁ, bāhiya, na tena; tato tvaṁ, bāhiya, na tattha.
Yato tvaṁ, bāhiya, na tattha, tato tvaṁ, bāhiya, nevidha na huraṁ na ubhayamantarena. Esevanto dukkhassā"ti.
Atha kho bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa bhagavato imāya saṅkhittāya dhammadesanāya tāvadeva anupādāya āsavehi cittaṁ vimucci.
| diṭṭha 1.2 | (nt) what is seen [√dis + ta] nt, pp of √dis |
| diṭṭhamatta | (nt) merely the seen; only what is seen; sight itself [diṭṭha + matta] nt, comp |
| bhavissati 3 | (fut) will happen; will occur [bhavissa + ti] fut of bhavati |
| muta 2 | (nt) what is sensed; what is perceived; (or) what is thought [√mun + ta] nt, pp of munāti |
| viññāta 2 | (nt) what is known; what is perceived [vi + √ñā + ta] nt, pp of vijānāti |
| yato 3 | (ind) when; from when; since [ya + to] ind, adv, abl sg of ya |
| tato 5 | (ind) after that; then; next [ta + to] ind, abl sg of ta |
| tvaṁ 1 | (pron) you (subject) [tumha + aṁ > tuvaṁ > tvaṁ] pron, 2nd nom sg of tumha |
| tattha 1 | (ind) there; in that place [ta + ttha] ind, adv, from ta |
| nevidha | (sandhi) neither here [na + eva + idha] sandhi, ind + ind + adv |
| huraṁ 1 | (ind) there; in another world ind, adv |
| ubhayamantarena | (ind) in-between the two [ubhayaṁ + antara + ena] |
| esevanto | (sandhi) just this is the end (of) [eso + eva + anto] |
| saṅkhitta 1 | (pp) concise; brief; short; abbreviated; contracted [saṁ + √khip + ta] pp of saṅkhipati |
| tāvadeva 1 | (sandhi) right then; that very instant; instantly; immediately [tāva + [d] + eva] |
Atha kho bhagavā bāhiyaṁ dārucīriyaṁ iminā saṅkhittena ovādena ovaditvā pakkāmi. Atha kho acirapakkantassa bhagavato bāhiyaṁ dārucīriyaṁ gāvī taruṇavacchā adhipatitvā jīvitā voropesi.
Atha kho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ piṇḍāya caritvā pacchābhattaṁ piṇḍapātapaṭikkanto sambahulehi bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ nagaramhā nikkhamitvā addasa bāhiyaṁ dārucīriyaṁ kālaṅkataṁ; disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi:
"gaṇhatha, bhikkhave, bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa sarīrakaṁ; mañcakaṁ āropetvā nīharitvā jhāpetha; thūpañcassa karotha. Sabrahmacārī vo, bhikkhave, kālaṅkato"ti.
| acirapakkanta | (adj) recently departed; soon after (someone) left [acira + pakkanta] adj, comp |
| gāvī | (fem) cow [go + āvī] fem, from go |
| taruṇavaccha | (adj) with a young calf [taruṇa + vaccha + a] adj, comp |
| adhipatitvā | (abs) having attacked; having charged [adhi + √pat + itvā] abs of adhipatati |
| jīvita 1 | (nt) life; existence [√jīv + ita] nt, pp of jīvati |
| voropesi | (aor) deprived (of); cut off (from) [vi + ava + rope + si] aor of voropeti |
| gaṇhāti 1 | (pr) grabs hold (of); seizes; takes [gaṇhā + ti] pr |
| sarīraka | (nt) corpse; dead body [sarīra + ka] nt, from sarīra |
| mañcaka 1 | (masc) small bed; cot [√mañc + a + ka], [mañca + ka] masc, dimin of mañca |
| āropetvā 1 | (abs) having put on top; having placed on top (of) [ā + rope + tvā] |
| nīharitvā 1 | (abs) having removed; having taken out [nī + √har + itvā] abs of nīharati |
| jhāpeti | (pr) burns; cremates; sets fire (to) [jhāpe + ti] pr, caus of jhāyati |
| assa 4.1 | (pron) to him; for him [ima + ssa] pron, masc & nt dat sg of ima |
| vo 1.5 | (pron) of you all; your pron, 2nd gen pl of tvaṁ |
"Evaṁ, bhante"ti kho te bhikkhū bhagavato paṭissutvā bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa sarīrakaṁ mañcakaṁ āropetvā nīharitvā jhāpetvā thūpañcassa katvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinnā kho te bhikkhū bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ:
"daḍḍhaṁ, bhante, bāhiyassa dārucīriyassa sarīraṁ, thūpo cassa kato. Tassa kā gati, ko abhisamparāyo"ti?
"Paṇḍito, bhikkhave, bāhiyo dārucīriyo paccapādi dhammassānudhammaṁ; na ca maṁ dhammādhikaraṇaṁ vihesesi. Parinibbuto, bhikkhave, bāhiyo dārucīriyo"ti.
| paṭissutvā | (abs) having agreed (with); having responded in agreement (to); [pati + √su + tvā] |
| daḍḍha | (pp) burnt; burnt down; consumed by fire [√ḍah + ta] pp of ḍahati |
| tassa 2 | (pron) of that; his; its [ta + ssa] pron, masc & nt gen sg of ta |
| kā 2.1 | (pron) what?; which?; which woman? [ka + ā] pron, interr, fem nom sg of ka |
| gati 4 | (fem) future destination; future existence [√gam + ti] fem, abstr, from gacchati |
| ko | (pron) who?; what?; which? [ka + o] pron, interr, masc nom sg of ka |
| abhisamparāya | (masc) future state; ultimate destination [abhi + saṁ + parā + √i > ay + *a] |
| paccapādi 1 | (aor) practised; followed [pati > paty > pacc + a + √pad + i] aor of paṭipajjati |
| dhammassānudhamma | (adj) in accordance with the teaching [dhammassa + anudhamma] adj, comp |
| maṁ 1 | (pron) me (object) [amha + aṁ] pron, 1st acc sg of ahaṁ |
| dhammādhikaraṇa | (nt) technical points about the teaching [dhamma + adhikaraṇa] nt, comp |
| vihesesi | (aor) harassed; annoyed; pestered; troubled [vi + hese + si] aor of viheseti |
Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṁ viditvā tāyaṁ velāyaṁ imaṁ udānaṁ udānesi:
"Yattha āpo ca pathavī, / tejo vāyo na gādhati;
Na tattha sukkā jotanti, / ādicco nappakāsati; Na tattha candimā bhāti, / tamo tattha na vijjati.
Yadā ca attanāvedi, / muni monena brāhmaṇo; Atha rūpā arūpā ca, / sukhadukkhā pamuccatī"ti.
| velā 1 | (fem) time; point in time fem |
| yattha | (ind) wherever; where; when; in which [ya + ttha] ind, adv, from ya |
| gādhati | (pr) finds a footing; stands firmly; is well grounded; finds a support [gādha + ti] pr |
| sukka 3 | (masc) star; planet Venus [√suc > suk + ra] masc |
| ādicca | (masc) sun [aditi > āditi + *ya] masc, from aditi |
| candima 1 | (masc) moon [√cand + ima] masc, atta group |
| bhāti 1.1 | (pr) illuminates; lights up [bhā + ti] pr |
| tamas 1 | (masc) darkness; gloom masc, mano group |
| muni 1 | (masc) monk; sage; seer; hermit; silent sage [√mun + i] masc, from munāti |
| mona 3 | (nt) wisdom; knowledge; sagacity; sapience [√mun > mon + *a] nt, from munāti |
| pamuccati | (pr) is freed; is liberated (from) [pa + mucca + ti] pr, pass of pamuñcati |
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MN 9 Sammādiṭṭhisutta
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SN 12.44 Lokasutta
Katamo ca, bhikkhave, lokassa atthaṅgamo?
Cakkhuñca paṭicca rūpe ca uppajjati cakkhuviññāṇaṁ.
Tiṇṇaṁ saṅgati phasso.Phassapaccayā vedanā; vedanāpaccayā taṇhā.
Tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodhā upādānanirodho;
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Snp 4.11 Kalahavivādasutta
"Phasso nu lokasmi kutonidāno, / Pariggahā cāpi kutopahūtā;
Kismiṁ asante na mamattamatthi, / Kismiṁ vibhūte na phusanti phassā"."Nāmañca rūpañca paṭicca phasso, / Icchānidānāni pariggahāni;
Icchāyasantyā na mamattamatthi, / Rūpe vibhūte na phusanti phassā".... Saññānidānā hi papañcasaṅkhā".
"Now where is the cause / of contact in the world,
and from where have graspings, possessions, arisen?
When what isn't does there not exist mine-ness?
When what has disappeared do contacts not touch?""Conditioned by name-&-form is contact.
In longing do graspings, possessions have their cause.
When longing isn't, mine-ness doesn't exist.When forms have disappeared contacts don't touch."
"For one how-arriving does form disappear?
... for objectification-classifications
have their cause in perception."